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2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom

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The 2009 European Parliament election was the United Kingdom's component of the 2009 European Parliament election, the voting for which was held on Thursday 4 June 2009. The election was held concurrently with the 2009 local elections in England. In total, 72 Members of the European Parliament were elected from the United Kingdom using proportional representation.

2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom
← 2004 4 June 2009 2014 →
All 72 of the United Kingdom's seats
in the European Parliament
Turnout34.7%[1] Decrease3.8%
  First party Second party Third party
  Nigel Farage Gordon Brown
Leader Timothy Kirkhope Nigel Farage Glenis Willmott
Party Conservative UKIP Labour
Alliance ECR EFD S&D
Leader since 18 November 2008 12 September 2006 18 January 2009
Leader's seat Yorkshire and the Humber South East England East Midlands
Last election 27 seats, 25.9% 12 seats, 15.6% 19 seats, 21.9%
Seats before 25‡ 12‡ 18‡
Seats won 26† 13 13
Seat change Increase1* Increase1* Decrease5*
Popular vote 4,281,286† 2,498,226 2,381,760
Percentage 27.4% 16.0% 15.2%
Swing Increase1.0% Increase0.4% Decrease6.6%
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
  Nick Clegg Caroline Lucas
Leader Graham Watson Caroline Lucas Nick Griffin
Party Liberal Democrats Green BNP
Alliance ALDE European Greens NI
Leader since January 2002 5 September 2008 27 September 1999
Leader's seat South West England South East England North West England
Last election 12 seats, 14.4% 2 seats, 2.8% 0 seats, 0.0%
Seats before 10‡ 2‡ 0‡
Seats won 11 2 2
Seat change Increase1* Steady Increase2*
Popular vote 2,080,613 1,223,303 943,598
Percentage 13.3% 7.8% 6.2%
Swing Decrease1.1% Increase2.2% Increase1.3%
  Seventh party
  Alex Salmond
Leader Alex Salmond
Party SNP
Alliance European Free Alliance
Leader since 3 September 2004
Leader's seat N/A
Last election 2 seats, 1.4%
Seats before 2
Seats won 2
Seat change Steady
Popular vote 321,007
Percentage 2.1%
Swing Increase0.7%
Map of the results indicating the seats won in each region by party *Seat change has been adjusted to allow for direct comparison with the results from the 2004 election.[2]
†(including 1 UCUNF)
‡Notional results
Leader of Largest Party before election

David Cameron
Conservative

Subsequent Leader of Largest Party

David Cameron
Conservative

The election was won by the Conservative Party who won 27 seats in the election with a share of 27.9% of the national vote and this would be the last European election in the United Kingdom where either the Conservatives or Labour would finish in first place. Other notable outcomes were that the Labour Party – which came third – suffered a significant drop in support, and that the UK Independence Party (UKIP) finished second in a major election for the first time in its history, coming level with Labour in terms of seats but ahead of it in terms of votes. This was the first time in British electoral history that a party in government had been outpolled in a national election by a party with no representation in the House of Commons. The British National Party (BNP) also won two seats, its first ever in a nationwide election.[3] It also marked the first time the Scottish National Party (SNP) won the largest share of the European election vote in Scotland,[4] and the first time Labour had failed to come first in a Welsh election since 1918.[5] It was the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)'s worst ever European election result, and also the first time an Irish Republican party, Sinn Féin, topped the polls in Northern Ireland.[6]

Background

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Electoral system

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The United Kingdom elected 72 Members of the European Parliament using proportional representation. It was divided into twelve multi-member constituencies, or regions. The eleven of these regions which form Great Britain used a closed-list party list system method of proportional representation, calculated using the D'Hondt method. Northern Ireland used the single transferable vote (STV).

The experimental use of all-postal ballots in four regions in 2004 was not repeated, resulting in a sharp reduction in turnout in those regions.[7]

Constituencies and representation

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As had been the case since 1999, the electoral constituencies were based on the government's nine English regions, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, creating a total of 12 constituencies. The Treaty of Nice fixed the number of MEPs for the whole European Parliament at 736; as a consequence of the accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007, the number of seats allocated to the United Kingdom was reduced from 78 to 72. If the Treaty of Lisbon had entered into force by June 2009, this figure would have been 73.

On 31 July 2007, in line with the required reduction in representation from the United Kingdom, the number of members elected from each region was modified by the Boundary Commission and Electoral Commission, based on the size of the electorate in each region. The recommended changes were approved by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 2008.[8]

Changes in regional seat allocations[9]

Constituency Representation
in 2004		 Representation
in 2009		 Net Gain/Loss
East Midlands 6 5   1
East of England 7 7  
London 9 8   1
North East England 3 3  
North West England 9 8   1
Northern Ireland 3 3  
Scotland 7 6   1
South East England 10 10  
South West England1 7 6   1
Wales 4 4  
West Midlands 7 6   1
Yorkshire and the Humber 6 6  
Overall 78 72   6

1Includes Gibraltar, the only British overseas territory which was then part of the EU.

MEPs retiring

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Conservative

Labour

UKIP

Liberal Democrat

Independents

  • Den Dover (North West England) – former Conservative MEP, expelled over his expenses.
  • Robert Kilroy-Silk (East Midlands) – former UKIP MEP, created new party Veritas.[10]
  • Ashley Mote (South East England) – former UKIP MEP, expelled for expenses fraud for which he was later jailed.[11]
  • Tom Wise (East of England) – former UKIP MEP, expelled for expenses fraud for which he was later jailed.[12]

Opinion polls

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In the run up to the election, several polling organisations carried out public opinion polling in regards to voting intentions in Great Britain. Results of such polls are displayed below.

ComRes, ICM, Populus and YouGov are members of the British Polling Council, and abide by its disclosure rules. BPIX is not a member of the BPC, and does not publish detailed methodology and findings.[13]

Date(s)
conducted 		Polling organisation/client Con Lab UKIP Lib Dem Green BNP Others Lead
4 June 2009 EU Election, 2009 (GB Result) 27.7% 15.7% 16.5% 13.7% 8.6% 6.2% 11.6% 11.2%
03/06/09 YouGov/Daily Telegraph 26% 16% 18% 15% 10% 5% 10% 8%
31/05/09 ComRes/Green Party 24% 22% 17% 14% 15% 2% 6% 2%
29/05/09 YouGov/Daily Telegraph 27% 17% 16% 15% 9% 7% 9% 10%
28/05/09 ICM/Sunday Telegraph 29% 17% 10% 20% 11% 5% 8% 9%
28/05/09 Populus/Times 30% 16% 19% 12% 10% 5% 8% 11%
21/05/09 ICM/Guardian 30% 24% 10% 18% 9% 1% 8% 6%
16/05/09 YouGov/Daily Telegraph 28% 22% 15% 17% 7% 5% 5% 6%
14/05/09 ComRes/UKIP[permanent dead link‍] 28% 23% 15% 14% 11% 4% 5% 5%
14/05/09 YouGov/Sun 29% 20% 15% 19% 6% 3% 6% 9%
10/05/09 Populus/Times 34% 25% 6% 20% 5% 2% 8% 9%
08/05/09 YouGov/Sunday Times 36% 25% 7% 20% 4% 4% 7% 11%
04/05/09 ICM/TPA[permanent dead link‍] 32% 28% 9% 22% 1% 1% 7% 4%
08/01/09 YouGov/TPA 35% 29% 7% 15% 5% 4% 5% 6%
10 June 2004 EU Election, 2004 (GB results only) 26.7% 22.6% 16.1% 14.9% 6.3% 4.9% 8.5% 4.1%

Results

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United Kingdom

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Party Votes Seats
Number % +/- Seats +/-‡ %
Conservative† 4,281,286 27.4  1.0 26  1 36.1
UKIP 2,498,226 16.0  0.4 13  1 18.1
Labour 2,381,760 15.2  6.6 13  5 18.1
Liberal Democrats 2,080,613 13.3  1.1 11  1 15.3
Green (E&W) 1,223,303 7.8  2.2 2   2.8
BNP 943,598 6.2  1.3 2   2 2.8
SNP 321,007 2.1  0.7 2   2.8
English Democrat 279,801 1.8  1.0 0  
Christian/CPA1 249,493 1.6  1.3 0  
Socialist Labour 173,115 1.1 New 0  
No2EU – Yes to Democracy 153,236 1.0 New 0  
Plaid Cymru 126,702 0.8  0.1 1   1.4
Sinn Féin 126,184 0.8   1   1.4
DUP 88,346 0.6  0.5 1   1.4
Green (Scot.) 80,442 0.5   0  
Jury Team 78,569 0.5 New 0  
SDLP 78,489 0.5   0  
UK First 74,007 0.5 New 0  
Libertas 73,544 0.5 New 0  
TUV 66,197 0.4 New 0  
Jan Jananayagam (Ind.) 50,014 0.3 New 0  
Pensioners 37,785 0.2   0  
Alliance 26,699 0.2 New 0  
Green (NI) 15,764 0.1  0.1 0  
Mebyon Kernow 14,922 0.1 New 0  
Animal Welfare 13,201 0.1 New 0  
Scottish Socialist 10,404 0.1  0.3 0  
Duncan Robertson (Ind.) 10,189 0.1 New 0  
Peter Rigby (Ind.) 9,916 0.1 New 0  
Peace 9,534 0.1   0  
Katie Hopkins (Ind.) 8,971 0.1 New 0  
Fair Play Fair Trade Party 7,151 0.0 New 0  
Roman Party 5,450 0.0 New 0  
Steven Cheung (Ind.) 4,918 0.0 New 0  
Socialist (GB) 4,050 0.0 New 0  
Francis Apaloo (Ind.) 3,621 0.0 New 0  
Yes 2 Europe 3,384 0.0 New 0  
Sohale Rahman (Ind.) 3,248 0.0 New 0  
Gene Alcantara (Ind.) 1,972 0.0 New 0  
Haroon Saad (Ind.) 1,603 0.0 New 0  
Wai D 789 0.0 New 0  
Total 15,621,503 72  6 100
†Includes Ulster Conservatives and Unionists (82,892 votes, 1 MEP).

‡ As the number of seats was reduced, these are notional changes estimated by the BBC.

1Joint ticket, ran in England as: The Christian Party - Christian Peoples Alliance.
Vote share
Conservative
 
 27.4%
UK Independence
 
 16.0%
Labour
 
 15.2%
Liberal Democrat
 
 13.3%
Green
 
 7.8%
British National
 
 6.0%
Scottish National
 
 2.1%
English Democrats
 
 1.8%
Christian Peoples
 
 1.6%
Socialist Labour
 
 1.1%
No2EU
 
 1.0%
Plaid Cymru
 
 0.8%
Sinn Féin
 
 0.8%
Democratic Unionist
 
 0.6%
Others
 
 4.5%
Seats
Conservative
 
 36.1%
UK Independence
 
 18.1%
Labour
 
 18.1%
Liberal Democrat
 
 15.3%
Green
 
 2.8%
British National
 
 2.8%
Scottish National
 
 2.8%
Plaid Cymru
 
 1.4%
Sinn Féin
 
 1.4%
Democratic Unionist
 
 1.4%

Great Britain

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Map showing most popular party by counting area (in Great Britain)

Turnout in Great Britain was 34.3%, with 15,137,202 votes out of a total electorate of 44,171,778.[7] Most of the results of the election were announced on Sunday 7 June, after similar elections were held in the other 26 member states of the European Union. Scotland declared its result on Monday 8 June, as counting in the Western Isles was delayed due to observance of the Sabbath.

 
UKIP activists in Walsall

Great Britain kept to the Europe-wide trend towards the right.[3] The Labour Party, which was in its twelfth year of government of the United Kingdom, polled third and suffered a significant drop in support; UKIP finished second in a major election for the first time in its history, coming level with Labour in terms of seats but ahead of it in terms of votes. This was the first time in British electoral history that a party in government had been outpolled in a national election by a party with no representation in the House of Commons.

The Conservatives won in every region in Great Britain except the North East, where Labour won, and Scotland, where the SNP won.[7] Labour suffered most notably in Cornwall, where it came sixth behind Mebyon Kernow, and in the wider South West region and South East, where it polled fifth behind the Green Party.[14] The British National Party won two seats, its first ever in a national election. The share of the vote achieved by the English Democrats doubled.[15]

The turnout in Scotland was the lowest in the United Kingdom at 28.8%, with 1,104,512 votes out of a total electorate of 3,872,975.[7] In Scotland it was the first time the SNP won the largest share of the European election vote.[16] The SNP share of the vote rose by 9.4% points compared to 2004; this was the biggest positive swing for any party in any region in Great Britain.[7]

In Wales it was the first time since 1918 that Labour had failed to come first in a Welsh election, dropping 12.2%. In Wales the Conservative Party topped the poll, with the nationalist Plaid Cymru coming a close third. UKIP took the fourth Welsh seat, the first time Wales had elected a UKIP MEP.[17] Both the Liberal Democrats and the Green Party polled their lowest regional shares in Wales, though Wales was the only region where the Liberal Democrat share of the vote rose compared with 2004.[7]

Summary of the election results for Great Britain[18]

Party Votes won % of vote % Plus/
Minus		 Seats Plus/Minus
vs actual
'04 result		 Plus/Minus
vs notional
'04 result†		 Seats %
Conservative 4,198,394 27.7%   1.0 25   2   1 37.7
UKIP 2,498,226 16.5%   0.4 13   1   1 18.8
Labour 2,381,760 15.7%   6.9 13   6   5 18.8
Liberal Democrats 2,080,613 13.7%   1.2 11   1   1 15.9
Green 1,223,303 8.1%   2.3 2     2.9
BNP 943,598 6.2%   1.3 2   2   2 2.9
SNP 321,007 2.1%   0.7 2     2.9
English Democrat 279,801 1.8%   1.1 0     0
Christian/Christian Peoples Alliance1 249,493 1.6%   1.3 0     0
Socialist Labour 173,115 1.1% New 0     0
No2EU – Yes to Democracy 153,236 1.0% New 0     0
Plaid Cymru 126,702 0.8%   0.1 1     1.4
Scottish Green 80,442 0.5%   0     0
Jury Team 78,569 0.5% New 0     0
UK First 74,007 0.5% New 0     0
Libertas 73,544 0.5% New 0     0
Jan Jananayagam (Independent) 50,014 0.3% New 0     0
Pensioners 37,785 0.2%   0     0
Mebyon Kernow 14,922 0.1% New 0     0
Animal Welfare 13,201 0.1% New 0     0
Scottish Socialist 10,404 0.1%   0.3 0     0
Duncan Robertson (Independent) 10,189 0.1% New 0     0
Peter Rigby (Independent) 9,916 0.1% New 0     0
Peace 9,534 0.1%   0     0
Katie Hopkins (Independent) 8,971 0.1% New 0     0
Fair Play Fair Trade Party 7,151 0.0% New 0     0
Roman Party 5,450 0.0% New 0     0
Steven Cheung (Independent) 4,918 0.0% New 0     0
Socialist (GB) 4,050 0.0% New 0     0
Francis Apaloo (Independent) 3,621 0.0% New 0     0
Yes 2 Europe 3,384 0.0% New 0     0
Sohale Rahman (Independent) 3,248 0.0% New 0     0
Gene Alcantara (Independent) 1,972 0.0% New 0     0
Haroon Saad (Independent) 1,603 0.0% New 0     0
Wai D 789 0.0% New 0     0
Total 15,136,932 69   6   100

†Seat change has been adjusted to allow for direct comparison with the results from the 2004 election

1Joint ticket, ran in England as: The Christian Party - Christian Peoples Alliance.

Gibraltar

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Main article: 2009 European Parliament election in Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British overseas territory (BOT) and therefore is under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom but does not form part of it.[19] Gibraltar was, however, part of the EU, the only BOT to be so, and participated as part of the South West England constituency.

Turnout was 35% in Gibraltar, below the 39% for the South West England electoral region as a whole and significantly lower than the turnout in Gibraltar in 2004.[20]

The Conservatives won with 53.3% of the votes. Labour narrowly retained second place achieving 19% to the Liberal Democrats' 18.2%.[20]

Party Votes won Vote share (%) Change (%)
Conservative 3,721 53.3   16.2
Labour 1,328 19.0   9.6
Liberal Democrats 1,269 18.2   10.6
Green 224 3.2   5.5
UKIP 100 1.4   0.3
BNP 94 1.4   0.5
Christian 70 1.0 New
Socialist Labour 56 0.8 New
English Democrat 37 0.5 New
Pensioners 26 0.4 New
Independent - Katie Hopkins 15 0.2 New
No2EU – Yes to Democracy 12 0.2 New
Mebyon Kernow 8 0.1 New
Fair Pay Fair Trade 8 0.1 New
Jury Team 6 0.1 New
Wai D Your Decision 4 0.1 New
Libertas 3 0.0 New

Northern Ireland

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Map of Northern Irish results
 
Election posters in Omagh

It was the DUP's worst ever European election result: the party had previously topped the poll in every European election in Northern Ireland since the first one in 1979.[6] It was also the first time an Irish Republican topped the poll, Bairbre de Brún of Sinn Féin coming first with 125,000 votes. The share of the votes for most parties in Northern Ireland remained essentially unchanged, the main exceptions were the DUP where their share of the vote fell by 13.8%, and the TUV, a party created by former DUP MEP Jim Allister whose share of the vote rose 13.7%.[7] The DUP's decreased vote share was largely blamed on the TUV splitting the vote.

Summary of the election results for Northern Ireland[21]

Party Candidate Seats Loss/GainFirst Preference Votes
Number % of vote
Sinn Féin Bairbre de Brún 1 0 126,184 25.8
DUP Diane Dodds 1 0 88,346 18.1
UCU-NF Jim Nicholson 1 0 82,892 17.0
SDLP Alban Maginness 0 0 78,489 16.1
TUV Jim Allister 0 0 66,197 13.5
Alliance Ian Parsley 0 0 26,699 5.5
Green (NI) Steven Agnew 0 0 15,764 3.2
Turnout[22] 488,891 42.8

Incumbents defeated

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Labour

Traditional Unionist Voice

Aftermath

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Gordon Brown faced calls for him to resign as Prime Minister following Labour's defeat.[14]

During the 2005 Conservative leadership election, David Cameron argued for withdrawal of the Conservatives from EPP-ED and for the formation of a new group. After the European election it was announced that the Conservatives were leaving the EPP-ED and forming a new group, the European Conservatives and Reformists.[24] On 22 June 2009, the first official list of the new group's members was released.[25] The group held its inaugural meeting on 24 June, during which Conservative MEP Timothy Kirkhope was named interim leader.[26] The first election for the group leadership was also scheduled for 14 July, pitting interim leader Kirkhope against fellow Briton Geoffrey Van Orden.[27] However, both Conservative leadership candidates were forced to forfeit the leadership in order to prevent the group from collapsing, when then-Conservative MEP Edward McMillan-Scott defied his party whip and stood for one of the vice-presidency posts despite pledges the previous week that Polish MEP Michał Kamiński would be backed for it. Kaminski's bid for Vice-President of the European Parliament subsequently failed, and the Poles threatened to abandon the new caucus unless Kaminski was made the group leader in the parliament.[28]

Similarly, UKIP helped found a new European Parliament Group, Europe of Freedom and Democracy, after the other parties in UKIP's pre-election European parliamentary grouping, Independence/Democracy, had polled badly.[29]

Of the two BNP candidates elected to the European Parliament at the 2009 election, the UK Government announced that it would provide them both with only the bare minimum level of support, denying them the ready access to officials and information that the other 70 British MEPs received.[30]

Summary of the post-election European Parliament Groupings of each party

EP Group MEPs UK Party MEPs
European Conservatives and Reformists 26 Conservative 25
Conservatives and Unionists 1
Europe of Freedom and Democracy 13 UKIP 13
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats 13 Labour 13
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 11 Liberal Democrats 11
Greens–European Free Alliance 5 Green Party of England and Wales 2
Scottish National Party 2
Plaid Cymru 1
European United Left-Nordic Green Left 1 Sinn Féin 1
Non-Inscrits 3 British National Party 2
Democratic Unionist 1

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Previous European Parliamentary Elections – About Parliament". European Parliament. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
  2. ^ "European Election: United Kingdom Result". BBC News. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Voters steer Europe to the right". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  4. ^ "Salmond hails 'historic' Euro win". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
  5. ^ "Tories top European poll in Wales". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
  6. ^ a b "DUP's worst ever Euro poll result". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Research Paper 09/53 European Parliament elections 2009, House of Commons Library, 17 June 2009
  8. ^ "The European Parliament (Number of MEPs and Distribution between Electoral Regions) (United Kingdom and Gibraltar) Order 2008 No. 1954". Opsi.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2009.
  9. ^ "Distribution between electoral regions of UK MEPs (PDF)" (PDF).
  10. ^ "Kilroy-Silk to leave European Parliament" Archived 10 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine, This Is Nottingham
  11. ^ "Euro MP to stand down". The News. 9 May 2009. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 19 May 2009. MEP Ashley Mote is giving up his South East seat, but says he will continue to fight against the European Union.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (Archived by WebCite at )
  12. ^ Lewis, Alex (22 April 2009). "MEP facing criminal charges will not stand again". Watford Observer. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
  13. ^ "European Elections polling data". UK Polling Report. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  14. ^ a b "David Cameron renews general election call after Labour's European flop". The Guardian. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  15. ^ "English Democrats votes doubled". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  16. ^ "Salmond hails 'historic' Euro win". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
  17. ^ "Tories top European poll in Wales". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
  18. ^ "European Election: United Kingdom Result". BBC News. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  19. ^ The 14 Territories
  20. ^ a b Reyes, Brian (8 June 2009). "Landslide for Tories, Disappointment for Labour". Gibraltar Chronicle. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2009.Reyes, Brian (8 June 2009). "Landslide for Tories, Disappointment for Labour". Gibraltar Chronicle. Archived from the original on 8 June 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2009. (Archived by WebCite at )
  21. ^ "European election 2009". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  22. ^ "Electoral Office for Northern Ireland – Turnout" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011.
  23. ^ "New unionist group to be launched". BBC News. 7 December 2007. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
  24. ^ Charter, David (15 May 2009). "David Cameron's new European allies set to include odd bedfellows". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 17 May 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
  25. ^ "Conservative MEPs form new group". BBC News. 22 June 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
  26. ^ Banks, Martin (25 March 2009). "Tory MEP voices 'real concern' over new European grouping". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  27. ^ Banks, Martin (9 July 2009). "British Tories fight it out for leadership of new Eurosceptic group". Theparliament.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
  28. ^ Traynor, Ian (15 July 2009). "Tories give up EU parliamentary leadership of Eurosceptic group". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  29. ^ Phillips, Leigh (30 June 2009). "Ukip, Lega Nord form hard-right bloc in EU Parliament". EU Observer. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
  30. ^ Traynor, Ian (9 July 2009). "UK diplomats shun BNP officials in Europe". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
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