Fahd Qawasmi (1934–1984) was a Palestinian agricultural engineer and a member of the executive committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). He was the mayor of Hebron between 1976 and 1980. During his tenure he was among the most significant mayors of Palestine along with Hilmi Hanoun, mayor of Tulkarm, and Karim Khalaf, mayor of Ramallah.[1] Qawasmi was expelled by the Israeli government from Palestine due to the killing of six yeshiva students during the conflict between the settlers and the Palestinians in Beit Hadassah, Hebron, in 1980. He was assassinated by the Fatah opponent groups in Amman, Jordan, on 29 December 1984.
Fahd Qawasmi | |
|---|---|
| Mayor of Hebron | |
| In office 28 March 1976 – 1 May 1980 | |
| Preceded by | Mohammed Ali Jabari |
| Succeeded by | Mustafa Natsheh |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Fahd Dawoud Muhammad Qawasmi 13 April 1934 Hebron, Mandatory Palestine |
| Died | 29 December 1984 (aged 50) Amman, Jordan |
| Manner of death | Assassination |
| Resting place | Umm Al Hiran cemetery, Amman, Jordan |
| Nationality | Palestinian |
| Alma mater | University of Cairo |
| Occupation |
|
Early life and education
editQawasmi was born in Hebron on 13 April 1934.[2] He hailed from a politically active and wealthy family.[3][4] Fayez Qawasmi, founder of Palestine Polytechnic University, was his brother.[5] Following the Nakba in 1948 the family settled in Cairo, Egypt.[4]
Qawasmi graduated from Cairo University obtaining a degree in agricultural engineering.[2] He also received a Master of Science in agricultural engineering from the same university.[4] The family returned to Hebron after Qawasmi completed his studies.[4]
Career and activities
editFollowing his graduation Qawasmi worked as a teacher at the UNRWA schools in Jerusalem and Ramallah.[2] Then he was employed as an agricultural engineer in the West Bank.[2] He was also owner of a hotel in Hebron, Park Hotel.[4] He allowed the Jewish settlers to organize a Passover Seder at the hotel in 1968 marking their return to the West Bank.[4]
Qawasmi became the mayor of Hebron on 28 March 1976 when he was elected to the post on the list of the nationalist bloc.[4][6] He was the first elected mayor of Hebron.[7] He succeeded the Hebron's long-term mayor Mohammed Ali Jabari.[4][6] Qawasmi met with the members of the Israeli peace movement and the Labor Party at his home during his mayorship.[8]
Following the permission of the Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin the Jewish settler families moved to the Beit Hadassah enclave in Hebron.[9] It was protested by Qawasmi.[2] The Palestinians attacked the enclave and six yeshiva students were killed in 1980.[9] Immediately after this incident Qawasmi was deported from Hebron to Lebanon on 2 May 1980.[9][10] Qawasmi's tenure as mayor of Hebron ended on 1 May 1980, and Mustafa Natsheh succeeded him in the post.[6] Rajab Al Tamimi, the judge of the Islamic court in Hebron, and Mohammed Hassan Milhim, mayor of Halhul, were also deported from the region during the same period.[4][11]
Qawasmi lived in Lebanon for a while.[10] Then Qawasmi and his family settled in Jordan and lived in the Jebel Hussein district of Amman.[12] He thought that Israel would allow him to return to Hebron.[8] However, after the formation of the Labor-Likud government in September 1984, his hope for returning to the city disappeared, and he became a member of the executive committee of the PLO in November 1984.[8] He was among the independent members of the committee.[2] Qawasmi was named as the head of the PLO's Occupied Palestinian Territory Affairs department.[2]
Views
editQawasmi had a moderate approach towards the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and argued that any solution to this conflict and the establishment of a Palestinian state required the continuation of the Israeli state.[8] However, like the majority of the Palestinian leaders in the West Bank he did not support the negotiations with Israel separately from the PLO which he regarded as the only representative of the Palestinian people.[8] He announced his support for the PLO as the sole representative of the Palestinians immediately after his election as the mayor of Hebron in 1976.[13]
Death and burial
editQawasmi was murdered outside his house in Amman on 29 December 1984.[4][12] The Black September Organization claimed responsibility after the incident, and Yasser Arafat argued that he was killed by the Syrians.[14] A PLO investigation concluded that he was assassinated by Abu Khaled Al Amleh, a Fatah dissident.[2][4]
His family asked permission to bury him in Hebron, but the Israeli government did not accept it.[8] A funeral service for Qawasmi was held in Amman on 31 December 1984.[10] He was buried there in Umm Al Hiran cemetery.[15][16] The Palestinians organized a symbolic funeral ceremony for Qawasmi in Hebron on 1 January 1985.[16] The Israeli troops stopped their march and attacked them.[16]
A Jordanian military court sentenced four Palestinians to death on 21 January 1987 for the assassination of Qawasmi.[17] Earlier six other Palestinians had been sentenced to life in prison for his murder.[17] Nayef Khalil Al Bay who was one of the assassins was hanged in Jordan on 29 January 1987.[17]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Michael Sfard (2018). The Wall and the Gate: Israel, Palestine, and the Legal Battle for Human Rights. Translated by Maya Johston. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-250-12271-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Qawasmi, Fahd (1934-1984)". Passia. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ Bilal Awad Salameh (2010). "The Mirror of a City's Culture is its Residents: A Comparative Study of Hebron and Bethlehem". Idafat (12): 98. SSRN 1728823.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "The Arab Mayor who Helped Jews Celebrate Passover in Hebron". Jewish Community of Hebron. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ Hillel Frisch (1997). "Modern Absolutist or Neopatriarchal State Building? Customary Law, Extended Families, and the Palestinian Authority". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 29 (3): 348. doi:10.1017/S0020743800064801.
- ^ a b c "Municipal Council over the Years". Hebron City. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ "The Fahd Al Qawasmi Collection". Palestinian Museum Digital Archive. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Trudy Rubin (4 January 1985). "A Voice of Moderation is Silenced in Jordan". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 1. ProQuest 1823055447. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ a b c Anita Vitullo (2003). "People Tied to Place: Strengthening Cultural Identity in Hebron's Old City". Journal of Palestine Studies. 33 (1): 71–72. doi:10.1525/jps.2003.33.1.68.
- ^ a b c "Arafat mourns slain PLO official". Philadelphia Inquirer. 31 December 1984. p. A2. ProQuest 1821868794. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ "Bassam Shak'a". Interactive Encyclopedia of the Palestine Question.
- ^ a b "Arafat blames Syria, dissidents for PLO death". The Globe and Mail. 31 December 1984. p. 9. ProQuest 386391927. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ Jamal R. Nassar (1997). "The Culture of Resistance: The 1967 War in the Context of the Palestinian Struggle". Arab Studies Quarterly. 19 (3): 89. JSTOR 41858998.
- ^ "Palestine Chronology, December 1984-February 1985". Journal of Palestine Studies. 13 (3): 228. Spring 1985. doi:10.2307/2536983.
- ^ "فهد القواسمي". najah.edu (in Arabic). Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ a b c "Israeli troops stop Arabs' mock funeral". The Gazette. 2 January 1985. p. A2. ProQuest 431182717. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ a b c "Palestine Chronology 16 November 1986—15 February 1987". Journal of Palestine Studies. 16 (3): 254, 256. Spring 1987. doi:10.2307/2536821. JSTOR 2536821.