The Faraoni Thermal Excursion (FTX) was a hyperthermal event that occurred during the Hauterivian stage of the Cretaceous period,[1] being induced by flood basalt volcanism.[2] It is associated with an oceanic anoxic event (OAE).[3]
Causes
editThe FTX is associated with a pulse of large igneous province (LIP) activity indicated by increased environmental mercury loading, suggesting that massive volcanism was its cause like other Cretaceous OAEs.[2] The OAE was exacerbated by enhanced recycling of sedimentary phosphorus back into the water column under anoxic conditions, which acted as a positive feedback loop that facilitated more eutrophication and deoxygenation.[4]
Timing and duration
editThe FTX occurred around 131 Ma.[1] The burst of LIP volcanism that kickstarted the FTX occurred about 375 kyr before the deposition of organic-rich layers associated with oceanic deoxygenation.[2]
Anoxia
editThe FTX caused an anoxic event,[5] which was initially believed to be limited to the Tethys Ocean but has since been found to have affected other marine regions.[3] In some studied sections, there was only dysoxia and not outright anoxia.[6][7]
Biotic effects
editPlanktonic foraminifera with elongated chambers radiated during the FTX, with their radiation driven not just by increased incidence of anoxia in the upper water column but also by increased productivity, seasonality, and stratification.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Scotese, Christopher Robert; Song, Haijun; Mills, Benjamin J.W.; van der Meer, Douwe G. (1 April 2021). "Phanerozoic paleotemperatures: The earth's changing climate during the last 540 million years". Earth-Science Reviews. 215: 103503. Bibcode:2021ESRv..21503503S. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103503. Retrieved 20 July 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ a b c Charbonnier, Guillaume; Godet, Alexis; Bodin, Stéphane; Adatte, Thierry; Föllmi, Karl B. (15 September 2018). "Mercury anomalies, volcanic pulses, and drowning episodes along the northern Tethyan margin during the latest Hauterivian-earliest Aptian". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 505: 337–350. Bibcode:2018PPP...505..337C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.013. Retrieved 20 July 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ a b Baudin, François; Riquier, Laurent (1 June 2014). "The Late Hauterivian Faraoni 'Oceanic Anoxic Event': an update". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 185 (6): 359–377. doi:10.2113/gssgfbull.185.6.359. ISSN 1777-5817. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Bodin, Stéphane; Godet, Alexis; Föllmi, Karl B.; Vermeulen, Jean; Arnaud, Hubert; Strasser, André; Fiet, Nicolas; Adatte, Thierry (29 May 2006). "The late Hauterivian Faraoni oceanic anoxic event in the western Tethys: Evidence from phosphorus burial rates". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 235 (1–3): 245–264. Bibcode:2006PPP...235..245B. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.09.030. Retrieved 20 July 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ Föllmi, Karl B.; Bôle, M.; Jammet, N.; Froidevaux, P.; Godet, A.; Bodin, Stephane; Adatte, T.; Matera, V.; Fleitmann, D.; Spangenberg, Jorge E. (30 January 2012). "Bridging the Faraoni and Selli oceanic anoxic events: late Hauterivian to early Aptian dysaerobic to anaerobic phases in the Tethys". Climate of the Past. 8 (1): 171–189. Bibcode:2012CliPa...8..171F. doi:10.5194/cp-8-171-2012. ISSN 1814-9332. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ Ben Ammar, Sabrine; Layeb, Mohsen (9 November 2021). "Updated geochemical insights on the Weissert and Faraoni events in the southern Tethyan margin (northern Tunisia)". Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 14 (22): 2379. Bibcode:2021ArJG...14.2379B. doi:10.1007/s12517-021-08669-w. ISSN 1866-7511. Retrieved 20 July 2024 – via Springer Link.
- ^ Coccioni, Rodolfo; Baudin, Francois; Cecca, Fabrizio; Chiari, Marco; Galeotti, Simone; Gardin, Silvia; Salvini, Giovanni (February 1998). "Integrated stratigraphic, palaeontological, and geochemical analysis of the uppermost Hauterivian Faraoni Level in the Fiume Bosso section, Umbria-Marche Apennines, Italy". Cretaceous Research. 19 (1): 1–23. Bibcode:1998CrRes..19....1C. doi:10.1006/cres.1997.0093. Retrieved 20 July 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ Coccioni, Rodolfo; Luciani, Valeria; Marsili, Andrea (29 May 2006). "Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events and radially elongated chambered planktonic foraminifera: Paleoecological and paleoceanographic implications". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 235 (1–3): 66–92. Bibcode:2006PPP...235...66C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.09.024. Retrieved 20 July 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.