Fatma Hundi Sultan Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: خوندي فاطمة سلطان خاتون; "the abstains one" and "noblebirth"; 1375 - 1430) was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Bayezid I and wife of Amir Sultan.
| Hundi Hatun | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Princess of Ottoman Empire | |||||
 Sarcophagus of Hundi Hatun alongside those of her daughters, her eldest son and her husband, inside the mausoleum of the Amir Sultan Mosque | |||||
| Born | 1375 Bursa, Ottoman Empire | ||||
| Died | 1430 (aged 54–55) Bursa, Ottoman Empire | ||||
| Burial | Emir Sultan Mosque, Bursa, Turkey | ||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue | Emir Ali Bey Three sons Two daughters | ||||
| |||||
| Dynasty | Ottoman | ||||
| Father | Bayezid I | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Name
editShe is known as Fatma Hundi Hatun, Hundi Hatun and Sultan Hatun. It is possible that Hundi was her birth name or that she took it after marriage and that it derives from khundat, the title of the wives of the Seljuk sultans.[1]
Origins
editFatma Hundi Hatun was born in 1375 in Bursa. Her father was Bayezid, son of the Ottoman sultan Murad I, who would become sultan in 1389. Her mother is unknown, but she may be the daughter of Konstantin Dragas, who became Bayezid's consort in 1372.[2]
In 1390, fifteen-year-old Hundi married Şemseddin Mehmed. Born in Bukhara, he was a seyyid and one of the most prominent citizens of Bursa, where he was known as Amir Bukhara. After the marriage, he became known as Amir Sultan.[2][3][4]
Marriage's legend
editThere is a famous legend about the marriage of Hundi and Amir.
It says that, while Bayezid was at war, he had invited Amir to stay in his palace. Here, Amir and Hundi had prophetic dreams in which Muhammad ordered them to marry. After two nights, Hundi went to Amir and said, "This marriage has already taken place in the eyes of Allah. However, according to Islamic law, legal marriage is obligatory." So the two got married in front of all the personalities of Bursa. When Bayezid discovered this, he sent Süleyman Pasha and forty men to kill Amir and the wedding witnesses, but they failed due to a series of miracles. Then, Molla Fenari, qadi of Bursa, wrote to Bayezid that the marriage was wanted by Allah and that Amir was a worthy son-in-law. So Bayezid accepted the marriage and reconciled with his daughter and Amir.[1][3][5]
Historical analyzes
editThere are two main historical analyzes of marriage.
According to the first, the marriage was arranged by Bayezid himself and not behind his back. Bayezid respected Amir and wanted him as a son-in-law, and he knew that he and Hundi loved each other, so he arranged the wedding.[1][3][5]
In the second, Amir took advantage of Bayezid's absence to seduce Hundi and kidnap her. To save the girl's reputation, Molla Fenari legally married him and then convinced Bayezid to give her blessing by inventing the miracles that saved Amir.[1]
Hundi and Amir's marriage is the only one known between an Ottoman princess and a seyyid and is the only one that could have taken place without the consent of the bride's relatives. The derived legend is considered the last of Ottoman mythology, which began with Osman's Dream.[2]
Later years and death
editAfter the wedding, the couple settled in Bursa and had four sons and two daughters. Hundi was widowed in 1429, when her husband and probably at least some of her children died during a plague epidemic.[1][5]
She herself died the following year, in 1430, of plague or grief. She was buried with her husband and children in the Emir Sultan Mosque in Bursa.[1][5]
Issue
editFrom her marriage, Hundi Hatun had four sons, including Emir Ali Bey, and two twin daughters. All her children predeceased her and were buried with their parents in Bursa.[1][5][6]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak bilimsel kitaplar (1. baskı ed.). Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Oğlak Yayıncılık. pp. 82–89. ISBN 978-975-329-623-6. OCLC 316234394.
- ^ a b c Sakaoğlu 2008, p.35, 82-89
- ^ a b c "EMÎR SULTAN". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-05-15.
- ^ Meḥmed S̱üreyyā; Kahraman, Seyit Ali (1996). Akbayar, Nuri (ed.). Sicill-i Osmanî. Eski Yazıdan Yeni Yazıya. Kültür Bakanlığı, Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları. p. 8. ISBN 978-975-333-038-1.
- ^ a b c d e Uluçay, M. Çağatay (2011). Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları (in Turkish). Ötüken. pp. 24–26. ISBN 978-975-437-840-5.
- ^ Alderson, Anthony Dolphin (1956). The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty. Clarendon Press.