Faye Schulman (28 November 1919 – 24 April 2021) was a Jewish partisan photographer, and the only such photographer to photograph their struggle in Eastern Europe during World War II.[1] Her full name was Faigel "Faye" Lazebnik Schulman.[2]
Faye Schulman | |
|---|---|
.png) Faye Schulman with Russias partisans | |
| Born | Faigel Lazebnik 28 November 1919 Lenin, Belarus |
| Died | 24 April 2021 (aged 101) Toronto, Canada |
Early life
editFaigel Lazebnik was born on November 28, 1919, in Lenin, Eastern Poland (now in Western Belarus) as the fifth of seven children born to Yakov and Rayzel (Migdalovich) Lazebnik, Orthodox Jews. At age 10, Faye was apprenticed to her brother, Moishe, a photographer, later taking over his studio at age 16.[3] She also learned some skills from a brother-in-law who was a physician.[4]
Surviving the Holocaust
editAfter Germany invaded Soviet Union, Schulman's family was split up, with most of them, including Schulman herself, being imprisoned in the Lenin Ghetto, while two of her brothers were sent to a labor camp.[5] On August 14, 1942, German forces killed 1,850 Jews from the ghetto, sparing only 28 for their skills useful to the Nazis, Schulman among them, due to her photography skills.[6][7] Shortly after the massacre she was ordered to develop photos by the Nazis, which she made personal copies of in secret.[5] One of these photos was one in which she recognized the faces of some of her family members, dead in a mass grave, which made her determined to join the resistance.[8] About a month after her capture, when Soviet guerrillas attacked the locale, they allowed her to flee with them.[9] She joined the Molotava Brigade which was composed mostly of Soviet prisoners of war who had escaped from German captivity, working as a nurse and soldier for them from September 1942 to July 1944.[10] After a raid of Lenin, she regained her photography equipment, eventually taking over 100 photographs of the Resistance.[7][10][3] During her time in the Molotava Brigade, she participated in numerous raids on her old village to restock on supplies. During one of these raids, Schulman ordered her comrades to burn her old house down, so it wasn't left in the hands of the Nazis.[5] When the Red Army liberated Belarus in July 1944, she was reunited with two of her brothers and left the brigade after being introduced to her future husband, Morris Schulman.[3]
About the Soviet partisans, Schulman recalled that "sex was not a major issue in our group. We didn't think in terms of men and women, boys and girls. We treated each other as equals. There were no special privileges for women; we were all partisans and we knew that death in war did not spare anyone. Certainly in battle, there was no differentiation between men and women. All our thoughts were concentrated on defeating the enemy." In her memoir, she told of thievery and drunkenness, of an officer who nearly killed her when she rejected his advances, and of antisemitism, writing: "Because I was Jewish, I had to work twice as hard to be deemed as worthy as the gentile girls. When I worked night and day I was told, 'You are not like a Jewish girl. You are just like the Russian girls.' This was meant to be a compliment." She always replied: "'Yes, but I am Jewish.' My work as a nurse, a photographer and most of all as a soldier was plentiful reason for me to stand tall, to be proud of myself and my heritage."[11]
In spite of those shortcomings, she was grateful to the partisans for their help in defeating the Nazis. About the experience, she wrote: "We all belonged to one brigade. We learned to live together, eat together, fight together and survive together. We also needed to get along with each other. Sometimes it was hard to live through one day, let alone years. There was a strong friendship, cooperation and loyalty amongst most of us and a willingness to help each other. In the forest, connections were made between disparate people. Cold, hunger, stress forced strangers to become like family. We were also comrades in arms, all dealing with the same life-and-death circumstances. Our lives were bonded by the dangerous conditions under which we constantly lived. A special bond, nonetheless, existed among those of us who had experienced similar horrors under the Nazis."[11]
Post-war
editIn 1944, Faye wed Morris Schulman and lived in Pinsk, Belarus.[3] After the war, the couple stayed in the Landsberg displaced persons camp in Germany, where they helped to smuggle weapons to support Israeli independence.[6] In 1948, they immigrated to Canada where she worked in a dress factory and later hand-tinted photographs and painted in oils.[6][10][3]
Legacy and writings
editSchulman has been decorated by the Soviet/Belarusian, American and Canadian governments. In 1995, she wrote A Partisan's Memoir: Woman of the Holocaust.[8] She was later featured in a 1999 PBS documentary, “Daring to Resist: Three Women Face the Holocaust.”[3] She is currently featured in the documentary, "Four Winters: A Story of Jewish Partisan Resistance and Bravery in WW2."
Personal life
editIn 1948, Faye and Morris immigrated to Toronto. She is survived by her two children Sidney Schulman and Susan Schulman; six grandchildren Michael, Daniel, Nathan, Rachelle, Matthew, and Steven; and six great-grandchildren.[12]
References
edit- ^ "Exhibit 2013.02.27: Pictures of Resistance: The Wartime Photographs of Jewish Partisan Faye Schulman". ojmche.org. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
- ^ "Pictures of Resistance". jewishpartisans.blogspot.com. 24 October 2012. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Roberts, Sam (2021-05-28). "Faye Schulman Dies; Fought Nazis With a Rifle and a Camera". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2021-12-28. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2023-09-05. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c "PBS.org - Daring to Resist: Faye Schulman - Cont'd". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
- ^ a b c "PBS.org - Daring to Resist: Faye Schulman - Cont'd". pbs.org. Archived from the original on 2017-05-21. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
- ^ a b "Faye Schulman". Holocaust Encyclopedia.
- ^ a b stacey palevsky (13 March 2009). "Rare photos show hidden life of partisans who fought Nazis". jweekly.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2023-09-05. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c "Mini Bio: Faye Schulman". jewishpartisans.org. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
- ^ a b Lazare, Daniel (9 September 2014). "Timothy Snyder's Lies". Jacobin. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- ^ "Faye Schulman, partisan photographer who captured Jewish resistance during the Holocaust, dies at 101". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 15, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2021.