Feliks Kołyszko alias Śmiałyński[3] (Lithuanian: Feliksas Kolyška; 30 May 1837 in Vilnius – 19 February 1889 in Menton[4]) was a Polish-Lithuanian participant of the 1863 January Uprising.[1] Feliks (Feliksas) was the older brother of Bolesław Kołyszko (Lithuanian: Boleslovas Kolyška) a notable leader of the January Uprising that was aimed at the restoration of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Feliks Kołyszko | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1837 Lyda County[1] |
| Died | 19 February 1889 Menton, France[2] |
Early life
editKołyszko was born in Vilnius into a petty noble family as a son of Wincenty Adolf Kołyszko and his wife Apolina Bańkowska[4] or, according to other sources a woman from the Jursza family.[3] In 1851, at the age of fourteen and while a student of the Vilnius Gymnasium, he was arrested and sent to an Imperial Russian Army disciplinary battalion.[1] He remained in it until 1861.[1] In 1862 he was arrested for wearing a national costume and possession of illegal patriotic leaflets.[3]
Uprising of 1863
editDuring the January Uprising of 1863, he commanded a rebel unit in the counties of Trakai and Kalvarija.[1] During spring, Feliks Kołyszko operated in the area between Jieznas and Butrimonys together with other rebels.[5][6] On May 12, he and his unit, totaling 36 soldiers, fought with an Imperial Russian guard company at Žilinai.[7] On August 7, Kołyszko and his group of about 185 rebels were attacked by 300 hussars and cossacks near Stračiūnai.[8]
Kołyszko and his unit were remembered in a folk song of Vėžionys:[9]
| Original text | English translation |
|---|---|
| Ar tai pora, ar tai lyška, žalnierius rokavo Atamanas Kolyška |
Be it raining, Be it pouring, Arranges the soldiers Hetman Kołyszko |
Thereafter he emigrated to France, where he worked in Chemins de fer du Nord and lived in Pontoise.[4] On 17 April 1870 married Antonina Katarzyna Eudoksja Wróblewska in Paris. After the death of the first wife, he married Maria de Gozdawa Gostkowska on 6 July 1879.[4] Kołyszko died on 18 February 1889 and was buried in Trabuquet cemetery in Menton.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Čepėnas 1957, p. 223.
- ^ Kozłowski 1968, p. 370.
- ^ a b c Kozłowski 1968, p. 369.
- ^ a b c d e Dacka-Górzyńska & Górzyński 2015, p. 257.
- ^ Dunderis 2013.
- ^ Butkienė 2013.
- ^ Bernardinai.lt 2013.
- ^ Ružancovas 1938, p. 898.
- ^ Kuzmickas 2013.
Bibliography
edit- Butkienė, Lina (3 October 2013). "Iš Butrimonių praeities" (in Lithuanian).
- Bernardinai.lt (28 June 2013). "Laiko juosta: žymiausi 1863 metų sukilimo mūšiai (II dalis)" (in Lithuanian).
- Čepėnas, Pranas (1957). "Feliksas Kolyška". Lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 12. Boston. p. 223.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Dacka-Górzyńska, Iwona; Górzyński, Sławomir (2015). Polacy pochowani na cmentarzach Nicei i Mentony [Poles buried in the cemeteries of Nice and Mentona] (in Polish). Warsaw: DiG. ISBN 978-83-7181-781-6.
- Dunderis, Vilmantas (20 September 2013). "1863-1864 m. sukilimas: Krikštonių mūšis" (in Lithuanian).
- Kozłowski, Eligiusz (1968). "Feliks Kołyszko". Polski Słownik Biograficzny (in Polish). Vol. 13. Wrocław. pp. 369–370.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Kuzmickas, Vytautas (13 April 2013). "1863-ieji Verknės ir Nemuno krašte: kovos, viltys ir netektys (IV)". Nemuno krašto laikraštis "Naujasis Gėlupis" (in Lithuanian).
- Ružancovas, A. (1938). "Kautynės prieš 75 m." Trimitas (in Lithuanian). 37: 898.