Viña del Mar International Song Festival
The Viña del Mar International Song Festival (Spanish: Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar) is an annual international music festival held every third week of February in Viña del Mar, Chile. Started in 1960 it is the oldest and largest music festival in Latin America, and one of the longest running music festivals in the world.[1][2][3][4][5] It was cancelled in 2021 and 2022 due to COVID.[6]
| Viña del Mar International Song Festival | |
|---|---|
 Overture to the closing night of LI Viña del Mar International Song Festival (2010) | |
| Genre | Various |
| Dates | 3rd week of February |
| Location(s) | Viña del Mar, Chile |
| Years active | 1960-present |
| Capacity | 15,000 |
| Website | Viña del Mar city website |
The festival takes place for six days at the Quinta Vergara Amphitheater, a stage that has a capacity for 15,000 spectators,[7] and is broadcast live on radio, television, streaming and online video platforms, regularly breaking viewing records with an estimated audience of around 250 million of people.[8][9] Through television, the event reaches the entire American continent, a large part of Europe, North Africa and Australia; while via streaming to the whole world. It moves millions of dollars in sponsorships, associated television programs, advertising and tourism; and it receives extensive media coverage.[7]
Although popular and folk music competitions were the origin of the festival, during the last decades they have been relegated to the background, giving preference to guest music stars, who are the true highlight of the event.[10][11] Leading latin pop, ballad, bolero and latin rock artists have headlined, alongside hundreds of others who have appeared over the past six decades on stage encompassing such diverse genres as latin R&B, latin trap, cumbia, salsa, reggaetón, bachata among others.
History
editBackground and early years (1960–1970)
editThe origin of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival was modest. Thanks to the initiative of the mayor Gustavo Lorca[12] and Carlos Ansaldo, director of the Department of Tourism and Public Relations of the Municipality of Viña del Mar, between February 21 and 28, 1960, a unique competition was organized, in which the contestants had to present an original song whose theme was the city of Viña del Mar; the winner would opt for a prize of 500 escudos in cash and an award called Lira de Oro.[13] Six compositions competed, and the winner was "Viña" by José Goles and Manuel Lira. In the show, the event was animated by Ricardo García and enlivened by nine local invited artists.[14][12] In February 1961, a folkloric contest was incorporated.
In 1963, Channel 9 of Television of the University of Chile, experimentally broadcast the Festival for Santiago.[15]
At the beginning of the festival, a stage was improvised next to the Vergara Palace, a place where the audience sat on wooden chairs, or directly on the grass or dirt floor.[16] In turn, many spectators sat They were located on the hills adjacent to the Quinta and on the tops of the nearby trees, giving the contest a provincial air.[15]
In 1963, the architect Hernando López designed an open-air amphitheater with a paraboloid shape and crowned by an acoustic shell,[17] receiving the collaboration of the civil builder Juan Pinto Delgado. The structure was built in stages and its design was inspired by the Hollywood Bowl, the main amphitheater of the city of Los Angeles in the United States.[18] The roof of the stage, which helped both to project the sound towards the audience[19] and to protect the artists of the cold Viñamarina nights, debuted in 1967.[18] Built of wood and steel, it imitated the flight of a seagull, becoming the most distinctive detail of the construction, which over the years, became an icon of the Festival, and in the image of the contest before the world. It stood for nearly four decades until its demolition and replacement in 2002.[18]
1970s and 1980s
editIn the 1970s, the Festival began to spread to the masses, especially from 1971, when the broadcast rights were granted to Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN),[20] with coverage in much of the country.
During those same years, the political tension of the moment was strongly present. In 1970, the presidential elections were held in which the socialist Salvador Allende was elected president, which would mark the country and divide it politically, also influencing the contest. In 1971, representatives of the Soviet Union were applauded for their support of the Popular Unity (UP), while in 1972, South African Miriam Makeba was booed by the conservative sector for praising President Salvador Allende and exclaiming "long live the Chilean revolution!".[21]
Following the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat, the dictatorship headed by Augusto Pinochet came to control the Viña del Mar International Song Festival, choosing to only promote and feature sympathetic artists, in particular those that were part of the Acto de Chacarillas in 1977.[22] In the first years of his dictatorship, Pinochet was a decidedly regular guest at the festival.[23] His advisor, Jaime Guzmán, was also spotted on several occasions at the festival.[23] On one occasion, Festival presenter Antonio Vodanovic publicly praised the dictator and his wife, Lucia Hiriart, on behalf of "the Chilean youth".[23] Supporters of the dictatorship appropriated the song Libre by Nino Bravo; the song was, ultimately, performed live by Edmundo Arrocet in the first post-coup Viña Del Mar Festival, with Pinochet being present in the audience.[24][25] Beginning in 1980, when the festival had gained popularity and started airing internationally, the regime took advantage of this opportunity to promote a favourable image of Chile to the rest of the world.[22] To that end, the 1981 festival committee had a larger budget with which to feature popular foreign artists, including Miguel Bosé, Julio Iglesias and Camilo Sesto.[22] The folk music portion of the festival had become increasingly politicized during the Allende years, and was suspended by organizers from the time of the coup until 1980.[22]
Between 1984 and 1989 Leonardo Schultz and Gary H. Mason, one of the pioneers of the reggaeton movement, teamed up to help revamp the festival and streamline its operations. They arranged for the appearance of artists including: The Police, Air Supply, Eddie Money, Sheena Easton, Jose Feliciano (the pair produced his Grammy-nominated album Escenas de Amor in 1982, as well as the Grammy-winning album Me enamoré in 1983), Andy Gibb, Neil Sedaka, Gloria Gaynor, Mr. Mister to name a few. In 1988 and 1989, Thomas Anders (of Modern Talking fame) was the festival's headliner, one of the first times an artist was invited back to perform two years in a row.[citation needed]
Schultz and Mason also arranged for major international jurors including: George Martin (the Beatles' producer), Maurice Jarre (scored the films such as Doctor Zhivago, Lawrence of Arabia, Witness, A Passage To India, and Ghost), Manoella Torres (Mason produced her hit duet, which was written by Schultz entitled "No me mires así"), Joey Travolta, Connie Stevens and many others.[citation needed]
1990s and 2000s
editIn the 1990s the broadcast rights to the Festival were given to Televisa and featured prominent Mexican Artists, as well as major Latin Artists.
In 2008, American rock music band Journey played their first concert with new vocalist Arnel Pineda at the festival. The 2008 Viña Festival was hosted by Sergio Lagos and Tonka Tomicic, and headlined by Nelly Furtado, Wisin & Yandel, and Earth, Wind & Fire.
In 2009, artists such as Latin sensation Daddy Yankee and the legendary British band Simply Red captivated the audience of Viña. For its 50th edition, the festival's hosts were the late Felipe Camiroaga and news reader Soledad Onetto.
The event has not been held in the years 2021 and 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[26][27]
In March 2022, the return of the 62nd edition of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival was confirmed for the year 2023.[28]
"El Monstruo"
editTraditionally, the Festival's audience openly demonstrates its acceptance or displeasure with the established acts performing there, as well as contestants in the two competitions. As a result, the Chilean media has nicknamed the Festival's audience El Monstruo ("The Monster"). Earning acceptance from El Monstruo usually has a direct impact on an artist's popularity in the rest of Latin America. This is particularly true for Spanish speaking pop stars. Conversely, booing artists off the stage is not uncommon.
Artists compete in the Festival's regular competitions for one of three awards, given in this order: "Antorcha de Plata" (Silver Torch), "Antorcha de Oro" (Golden Torch) and "Gaviota de Plata" (Silver Seagull). However, audience response may demand that one of the three awards - or, progressively, all three- also be awarded to an established act as their performance progresses. An artist who "tames the "Monstruo"" by earning all three awards receives almost instant recognition as a major star by Chilean and Latin American media.
Awards' History
editArtists perform in the Festival de Viña with the goal of receiving as many awards as possible, which will depend on their success with "El Monstruo." The awards have had multiple changes throughout the festival's history.
The first two awards ever given were the Golden Lyre and Golden Harp in 1961. However, these two awards would be replaced by the Silver and Golden Seagull in 1969.[29]
In 1983, the Festival's commissioners decided to create the Silver and Golden Torch as a "second tier" award. This decision was made in order to add more variety to the awards, and make the Seagull the most prestigious award in the festival.[30]
For over 30 years, no changes were made to the awards. However, in 2015, the production team and Viña's municipality decided to eliminate the Silver and Golden Torch, leaving the Silver and Golden Seagull as the only awards that performers could aspire to get. The reason for this decision was all the critiques that the event was receiving about the high numbers of awards that an artist could receive.[31]
Finally, the Platinum Seagull was added in 2012 as a special award for performers with long influence throughout the festival's history. Only 3 artists have received it up to date.[32]
The Stage
editEach year the TV companies try to improve on the previous year's set. Millions are invested in creating elaborate stages.
Winner songs
editInternational contest
edit- Before 1968, the contest only allowed Chilean composers.
In 2000 the contest included the best songs in the history of the festival.
In 2009, the contest included former winners between 2001 and 2008.
In 2010 had a contest with the most representative songs of the participant countries.
| Event | Country | Song Title | Composer | Artist | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 1960 |  Chile
|
"Viña" | José Goles and Manuel Lira | Mario del Monte |
| II | 1961 | Chile
|
"Sin tu amor" | Óscar Olivares and Gilberto Ávila | Los Cuatro Duendes |
| III | 1962 | Chile
|
"Dime por qué" | María Pilar Larraín | Los Cuatro Duendes |
| IV | 1963 | Chile
|
"Tan sólo una mirada" | Juan Vásquez | Marco Aurelio |
| V | 1964 | Chile
|
"Está de más" | Ricardo Jara | Ginette Acevedo |
| VI | 1965 | Chile
|
"Como una ola" | María Angélica Ramírez | Cecilia |
| VII | 1966 | Chile
|
"Por creer en ti" | Marco Aurelio and Jaime Atria | Isabel Adams |
| VIII | 1967 | Chile
|
"Cuando rompa el alba" | Willy Bascuñán | Fresia Soto |
| IX | 1968 |  Spain
|
"Palabras" | Jorge Domingo, Enrique Carnicer and Carmen Pons de Carnicer | Luz Eliana |
| X | 1969 | Chile
|
"Mira, mira" | Scottie Scott | Gloria Simonetti |
| XI | 1970 | Chile
|
"Canción a Magdalena" | Julio Zegers | Julio Zegers |
| XII | 1971 | Void contest by plagiarism | |||
| XIII | 1972 |  Netherlands
|
"Julie" | Julio Bernardo Euson | Euson |
| XIV | 1973 | Chile
|
"Los pasajeros" | Julio Zegers | Julio Zegers |
| XV | 1974 |  Italy
|
"Immagina" | Giancarlo de Bellis | Annarita Spinaci |
| XVI | 1975 |  Greece
|
"Love Song" | H. Ballin, N. Ellineos and Kostas Karagiannopoulos | Elpida |
| XVII | 1976 | Chile
|
"Una noche de amor" | Carlos Baeza | Roberto Viking Valdés |
| XVIII | 1977 |  Israel
|
"Canción de amor" | Boaz Sharabi | Nava Baruchin |
| XIX | 1978 | Chile
|
"El tiempo en las bastillas" | Fernando Ubiergo | Fernando Ubiergo |
| XX | 1979 |  Spain
|
"A tu regreso a casa" | Braulio | Braulio |
| XXI | 1980 | Spain
|
"Dudando, dudando" | Julio Seijas and Augusto Algueró | Juan Sebastián |
| XXII | 1981 |  West Germany
|
"Esperando" | Karl-Heinz Merkel and Cherry Laine | Cherry Laine |
| XXIII | 1982 | Chile
|
"Ausencia" | Juan Carlos Duque | Juan Carlos Duque |
| XXIV | 1983 |  Uruguay
|
"Alma, corazón y pan" | Gervasio | Gervasio |
| XXV | 1984 | Chile
|
"Se te olvida" | Héctor Penrós Bañas | Cristóbal |
| XXVI | 1985 |  Australia
|
"Ya no puedo más" | K. C. Porter, Chris Turner and Lorenzo Toppano | Lorenzo Toppano |
| XXVII | 1986 |  Dominican Republic
|
"Para quererte" | José Antonio Rodríguez and Manuel Tejada | Maridalia Hernández |
| XXVIII | 1987 | Italy
|
"Kiss me" | Antonio and Anna Maria de Salvatore | Desà |
| XXIX | 1988 | Italy
|
"Senza te" | Maurizio Piccoli and Gino Mescoli | Marco Del Freo |
| XXX | 1989 |  Colombia
|
"Te propongo" | Fernando Garavito | Edna Rocio |
| XXXI | 1990 | Italy
|
"Non devi abbandonarmi mai" | Angela Tarenzzi | Piero Cotto |
| XXXII | 1991 | Chile
|
"Tira la primera piedra" | Edgardo Riquelme and Sergio Bravo | Javiera Parra and Pedro Foncea |
| XXXIII | 1992 | Chile
|
"Parece tan sencillo" | Juan Carlos Duque | Fernando Casas |
| XXXIV | 1993 | Italy
|
"In questo mondo" | Giuseppe Garibo | Claudio Cirimele |
| XXXV | 1994 |  Argentina
|
"Como ayer" | Claudia Brant and Daniel Tarrab | Claudia Brant |
| XXXVI | 1995 | Chile
|
"Si tú te vas" | Cristian Fissore and René Calderón | Jossé |
| XXXVII | 1996 | Italy
|
"Aria Ario" | Paolo Meneguzzi, Dino Melotti, M. Botoni and C. Isgro | Paolo Meneguzzi |
| XXXVIII | 1997 | Argentina
|
"Para vivir un dulce amor" | Víctor Heredia and Carlos Nilson | Carlos Elías |
| XXXIX | 1998 | Chile
|
"Soy tal cual soy" | Álvaro Scaramelli | Álvaro Scaramelli |
| XL | 1999 | Colombia
|
"El aguacero" | Alejandro Gómez Cáceres | Carolina Sabino |
| XLI | 2000 |  France
|
"Laisse-moi le Temps" / "Let Me Try Again" | M. Jourdan and Caravelli / Paul Anka and Sammy Cahn | Peabo Bryson |
| XLII | 2001 | Argentina
|
"Ayer te vi" | Víctor Heredia | Raly Barrionuevo |
| XLIII | 2002 | Argentina
|
"Soy tu ángel" | Ricardo Pald and Valeria Lynch | Oscar Patiño |
| XLIV | 2003 |  Spain
|
"Este amor es tuyo" | Chema Purón | Gisela |
| XLV | 2004 | Chile
|
"Tus ojos" | Alexis Venegas | Alexis Venegas |
| XLVI | 2005 |  Peru
|
"Mi alma entre tus manos" | Jessica Sarango, Jorge Pardo and Andrés Landavere | Jorge Pardo |
| XLVII | 2006 |  Costa Rica
|
"Dilo de una vez" | Humberto Vargas Valerio | Humberto Vargas Valerio |
| XLVIII | 2007 | Spain
|
"Cuando quieras volver" | Pedro Fernández and Valderrama Díaz | Materia Prima |
| XLIX | 2008 | Italy
|
"La guerra dei trent' anni" | Domenico Protino | Domenico Protino |
| L | 2009 | Argentina
|
"Ayer te vi" | Víctor Heredia | Emiliano Ríos |
| LI | 2010 | Italy
|
"Volare" | Domenico Modugno and Franco Migliacci | Simona Galeandro |
| LII | 2011 |  Canada
|
"Try Anything" | Chris Burke-Gaffney, Christopher Ward and Sierra Noble | Sierra Noble |
| LIII | 2012 | Italy
|
"Grazie a te" | Bruno Rubino, Giusseppe di Tella and Denise Faro | Denise Faro |
| LIV | 2013 |  Iceland
|
"Because You Can" | Jonas Gladnikoff, Christina Schilling, Camilla Gottschalck, Örlygur Smári and Hera Björk | Hera Björk |
| LV | 2014 | Canada
|
"Hypnotized" | Jeffery Straker | Jeffery Straker |
| LVI | 2015 | Italy
|
"Per fortuna" | Franco Simone | Michele Cortese |
| LVII | 2016 | Chile
|
"Te quiero" | Lucía Covarrubias | Cristián & Lucía |
| LVIII | 2017 | Spain
|
"Dónde estabas tú" | Salvador Beltrán | Salvador Beltrán |
| LIX | 2018 | Chile
|
"Cobarde" | Gabriela Pulgar | Gabriela Pulgar |
| LX | 2019 | Peru
|
"Ya no más" | Susan Ochoa | Susan Ochoa |
| LXI | 2020 | Chile
|
"Chillán" | Vicente Cifuentes | Vicente Cifuentes |
| LXII | 2023 | Chile
|
"Viento" | Yorka | Yorka |
| LXIII | 2024 |  Mexico
|
"El Maestro" | Adrián Navarro and Eddy Valenzuela | Eddy Valenzuela |
Winning countries
Chile: 24 times (13 times in the International Contest + 9 when the Contest was only national)
Italy: 10 times
Spain: 6 times
Argentina: 5 times
Colombia: twice
Canada: twice
Peru: twice
Germany: once
Australia: once
Costa Rica: once
France: once
Greece: once
Israel: once
Netherlands: once
Dominican Republic: once
Uruguay: once
Iceland: once
Mexico: once
Folk contest
edit- Between 1974 and 1980 this contest was cancelled by the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.
Before 2000, the contest only allowed Chilean composers.
In 2009, the contest included the former winners between 2001 and 2008.
| Event | Country | Song Title | Composer | Artist | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| II | 1961 | Chile
|
"La consentida" | Jaime Atria | Olga Escobar and Estampas Criollas |
| III | 1962 | Chile
|
"El loro aguafiestas" | Manuel Lira and José Goles | Silvia Infantas and Los Cóndores |
| IV | 1963 | Chile
|
"Álamo huacho" | Clara Solovera | Los Huasos Quincheros |
| V | 1964 | Chile
|
"Qué bonita va" | Francisco Flores del Campo | Los Huasos Quincheros |
| VI | 1965 | Chile
|
"Mano nortina" | Hernán Álvarez | Los Cuatro Cuartos |
| VII | 1966 | Chile
|
"La burrerita" | Sofanor Tobar | Los Paulos |
| VIII | 1967 | Chile
|
"Voy pa' Mendoza" | Willy Bascuñán | Los Solitarios |
| IX | 1968 | Chile
|
"Camanchaca y polvareda" | Ricardo de la Fuente | Los Ponchos Negros |
| X | 1969 | Chile
|
"Cuando tomo la guitarra" | Orlando Muñoz and Alsino Fuentes | Los Alfiles Negros |
| XI | 1970 | Chile
|
"El hombre" | Rolando Alarcón | Rolando Alarcón and Los Emigrantes |
| XII | 1971 | Chile
|
"La torcacita" | Óscar Cáceres and Luis Barragán | Ginette Acevedo |
| XIII | 1972 | Chile
|
"Viejo puente" | Ariel Arancibia and Fernando Pavez | Los Lazos |
| XIV | 1973 | Chile
|
"Mi río" | Julio Numhauser | Charo Cofré |
| XXII | 1981 | Chile
|
"Ay, Fernanda" | Ricardo de la Fuente | Santiago Cuatro |
| XXIII | 1982 | Chile
|
"La tejedora" | Sandra Ramírez | Pedro Messone |
| XXIV | 1983 | Chile
|
"En los tiempos de mi abuelo" | Roberto Rojas and Juan Castillo | Juan Carlos Méndez |
| XXV | 1984 | Chile
|
"Chile, una postal" | Teresa Rodríguez | Los Chacareros de Paine |
| XXVI | 1985 | Chile
|
"La reina del Tamarugal" | Manuel Veas and Luis Miranda | Calichal |
| XXVII | 1986 | Chile
|
"Sube a mi lancha" | Ignacio Millán | Chilote Peñaloza and Los Huillincanos |
| XXVIII | 1987 | Chile
|
"Rapa Nui, mi amor" | Ignacio Millán and María Teresa Díaz | Lorena and Manu Rere |
| XXIX | 1988 | Chile
|
"Camino a Socoroma" | Danny Rodríguez | Los Yanacochas |
| XXX | 1989 | Chile
|
"Maja en Aldachildo" | Ricardo de la Fuente | Ricardo de la Fuente |
| XXXI | 1990 | Chile
|
"No habrá verso que me alcance" | Yayo Castro and Hugo Castillo | Los Surcadores del Viento |
| XXXII | 1991 | Chile
|
"De chingana" | Héctor Molina | Héctor Molina |
| XXXIII | 1992 | Chile
|
"Tejiendo está la manque" | Cecilia González | Leticia and Cantarauco |
| XXXIV | 1993 | Chile
|
"Canto del agua" | Agustín Moncada | Kal |
| XXXV | 1994 | Chile
|
"Mirando pa' la bahía" | José Luis Hernández | José Luis Hernández and Cantamérica |
| XXXVI | 1995 | Chile
|
"María Leonor Lucía" | Magdalena Matthey | Magdalena Matthey |
| XXXVII | 1996 | Chile
|
"Cueca tristona" | Edson Guerrero | Clarita Parra |
| XXXVIII | 1997 | Chile
|
"Cartagena" | Claudio Guzmán | Tito Fernández |
| XXXIX | 1998 | Chile
|
"La noche de Chillán" | Pablo Neruda and Vicente Bianchi | Santiago Cuatro |
| XL | 1999 | Chile
|
"Cueca pulenta" | Víctor Hugo Campusano | Altamar |
| XLI | 2000 | Chile
|
"El corralero" | Sergio Sauvalle | Los Huasos Quincheros |
| XLII | 2001 | Chile
|
"Whipala" | Danny Rodríguez | Danny Rodríguez |
| XLIII | 2002 | Peru
|
"Juramento" | Carlos Rincón | Eduardo del Perú |
| XLIV | 2003 | Argentina
|
"Pintadita" | Fernando Barrientos | Fernando Barrientos |
| XLV | 2004 | Argentina
|
"Bailando con tu sombra (Alelí)" | Víctor Heredia | Abel Pintos |
| XLVI | 2005 | Chile
|
"Cueca al sol" | Isabel Parra | Camila Méndez |
| XLVII | 2006 | Chile
|
"Canción de agua y viento" | Elizabeth Morris | Elizabeth Morris and group |
| XLVIII | 2007 | Colombia
|
"Me duele el alma" | Leonardo Gómez and Diana Hernández | Maria Mulata |
| XLIX | 2008 | Peru
|
"Tusuy Kusun" | Damaris Mallma | Damaris and group |
| L[33] | 2009 | Chile
|
"Cueca al sol" | Isabel Parra | Camila Méndez |
| LI | 2010 | Argentina
|
"El cantar es andar" | César Isella | César Isella |
| LII | 2011 | Chile
|
"De Pascua Lama" | Patricio Manns | Valentina Sepúlveda and Diapazón Porteño |
| LIII | 2012 | Chile
|
"Caprichosa" | Gogo Muñoz and Lucas Saavedra | Mauro Zapata and Fiesta Andina |
| LIV | 2013 | Chile
|
"Con el zapatito, con el zapatón" | Paula Herrera | Paula Herrera |
| LV | 2014 | Chile
|
"La retirada" | La Pájara | Javiera Bobadilla |
| LVI | 2015 | Chile
|
"La mejicana" | Elizabeth Morris | Elizabeth Morris |
| LVII | 2016 |  Panama
|
"Viene de Panamá" | Afrodisiaco | |
| LVIII | 2017 | Chile
|
"Carnavalito de la esperanza" | Juan Andrés Soko and Francisco Flores | Trifussa |
| LIX | 2018 | Chile
|
"Mundo al revés" | Astrid Veas | Astrid Veas |
| LX | 2019 | Argentina
|
"Justo ahora" | Destino San Javier | Paolo Rogone, Bruno Rogone and Franco Favini |
| LXI | 2020 | Argentina
|
"Avanzar" | Nahuel Pennisi | |
| LXII | 2023 | Peru
|
"Warmisitay" | Milena Warthon | |
| LXIII | 2024 | Argentina
|
"La Luna" | Juan José Vasconcellos | Ahyre |
Winning countries (since 2001, start of International Folk Contest)
Performing Artists
editEvery year international artists are invited to perform at the Festival. In the 2003 edition the Italian singer-songwriter Franco Simone received the "Lifetime Achievement Award" for having strung together thirty years of success in South America with his songs translated into Spanish. Notable directors, such as Fernando Rojas, have led some of the performances.
Festival Queen
editEvery year the festival selects a queen. Popular personalities apply to be queen, often offering outrageous stunts to win.
The queen is chosen by a vote organized by the newspaper La Cuarta.[34] Journalists accredited to the Festival express their preferences through a secret ballot.
The day after the election there is a coronation and the delivery of a band and a ring as a prize by the relevant authorities. Since 2001, on the day of the coronation the Queen of the Festival has to dive into the pool at the Hotel O'Higgins in Viña del Mar in front of the media.[35]
Some of the women chosen as Queen include: Celia Cruz, Diana Bolocco, Thalía, Sigrid Alegría, Yuri, Raffaella Carrà, Tonka Tomicic, and Gloria Trevi.
In February 2023, the definitive elimination of the Reina de Viña was announced (assuming the election of the Rey would never take place), before the refusal of the municipality headed by the mayor Macarena Ripamonti, due to the «stigmatization of the woman» and the farandulización of the event. In this way, the Reyes de Viña will be replaced by the «Festival Ambassadors», which will be elected by the general public and the press accredited in the place, in addition to having the purpose of returning to the tradition of awarding the official artists of the Festival and generate awareness about issues that contribute to society.
List of Queens
edit| Year | Queen | Country | TV Channel | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Rosita Piulats | Chile
|
TVN 
|
|
| 2019 | Chantal Gayoso | Chile
|
TVN .svg){kind=small}
|
|
| 2018 | Betsy Camino |  Cuba
|
Canal 13 .svg){kind=small}
|
|
| 2017 | Kika Silva | Chile
|
Canal 13
|
|
| 2016 | Nicole "Luli" Moreno | Chile
|
Canal 13
|
|
| 2015 | Jhendelyn Nuñez | Chile
|
Canal 13
|
Known for participating in Vedette shows. |
| 2014 | Sigrid Alegría | Chile
|
Canal 13
|
Film and TV actress |
| 2013 | Dominique Gallego | Chile
|
Canal 13
|
Star on numerous reality shows |
| 2012 | Valeria Ortega | Chile
|
Canal 13
|
Journalist. |
| 2011 | Andrea Dellacasa | Argentina
|
Canal 13
|
Vedette. |
| 2010 | Carolina Arregui | Chile
|
Canal 13 .svg){kind=small}
|
Actress in TV Series, 2010 festival juror |
| 2009 | Catherine Fulop |  Venezuela
|
Canal 13
|
Actress in TV Series, 2009 festival juror |
| 2008 | Pilar Ruiz | Colombia
|
Reality show participant | |
| 2007 | Diana Bolocco | Chile
|
Canal 13
|
Journalist, Cecilia Bolocco's Sister, TV show host. |
| 2006 | Tonka Tomicic | Chile
|
TVN .svg){kind=small}
|
Miss World Chile 1995 |
| 2005 | Luciana Salazar | Argentina
|
Chilevisión | Showbiz Queen from Argentina |
| 2004 | Carolina "Pampita" Ardohain | Argentina
|
Benjamín Vicuña's wife. | |
| 2003 | María Eugenia Larraín | Chile
|
Canal 13 .svg){kind=small}
|
Showbiz Queen from Chile. |
| 2002 | Patricia Manterola | Mexico
|
Artist invited to the festival that year, crowned for the second time. | |
| 2001 | Natalia Oreiro | Uruguay
|
Artist invited | |
| 2000 | Celia Cruz | Cuba  United States
|
Invited the same year, as part of the festival show. | |
| 1999 | Carla Perez |  Brazil
|
Dancer of É o Tchan ! as invited artist. | |
| 1998 | Sofía Franco | Peru
|
Presenter | |
| 1997 | Thalía | Mexico
|
Invited artist | |
| 1996 | Paola Falcone | Chile
|
Miss Chile 1995 | |
| 1995 | Patricia Manterola | Mexico
|
Artist invited | |
| 1994 | Sofía Vergara | Colombia
|
Presenter | |
| 1993 | Gloria Trevi | Mexico
|
Artist invited | |
| 1992 | Lucero | Mexico
|
Had a romance with Felipe Camiroaga | |
| 1991 | Yuri | Mexico
|
Invited artist | |
| 1990 | Xuxa | Brazil
|
Invited artist | |
| 1989 | Myriam Hernández | Chile
|
Invited artist | |
| 1988 | Marcela "Mache" Sánchez | Peru
|
||
| 1987 | Irene Llano | Chile
|
Invited artist | |
| 1986 | Cindy Valentine | Canada
|
Participated in the "competencia internacional" | |
| 1985 | María Conchita Alonso | Venezuela
|
Invited artist | |
| 1984 | Gianina Matei |  Romania
|
Participated in "competencia internacional" | |
| 1983 | Lucía Méndez[n 1] | Mexico
|
Formed part of the festival judging panel | |
| 1982 | Raffaella Carrà[n 1] | Italy
|
Invited artist | |
| 1979 | María Graciela Gómez[n 1] | Chile
|
Presenter |
- Notas
Queens per country
edit| Country | # | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Chile |
16 | 1979, 1987, 1989, 1996, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020 |
| Mexico |
7 | 1983, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997, 2002 |
| Argentina |
3 | 2004, 2005, 2011 |
| Venezuela |
2 | 1985, 2009 |
| Colombia |
2 | 1994, 2008 |
| Brazil |
2 | 1990, 1999 |
| Peru |
2 | 1988, 1998 |
| Uruguay |
1 | 2001 |
| Cuba |
2 | 2000, 2018 |
| Canada |
1 | 1986 |
| Romania |
1 | 1984 |
| Italy |
1 | 1982 |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Torres, Cristián (21 December 2022). "El Festival de Viña del Mar reveló quiénes competirán por su premio mayor". Infobae. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ^ Elassar, Alaa (1 March 2020). "Adam Levine apologizes after fans criticize Maroon 5's performance at Viña del Mar festival in Chile". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on September 8, 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ^ "Paul Anka cerró con gran éxito, la primera jornada de Viña del Mar". mexico.cnn.com. CNN México. 23 Feb 2010. Archived from the original on 2012-01-29.
El Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar es el evento musical más importante del continente
- ^ Floras, Stella (18 Feb 2013). "Iceland: Hera Björk in the final of Viña del Mar International Song Contest 2013". www.esctoday.com.
[T]he Viña del Mar International Song Contest [is] the oldest and biggest music festival in Latin America
- ^ "Tom Jones 'ruge' en la segunda noche del Festival de Viña del Mar"[permanent dead link] Agence France-Presse, accessed February 23, 2007
- ^ "Chilean organizers cancel Viña del Mar 2022 Festival yet again due to COVID-19". 16 Sep 2021.
- ^ a b Perasso, Valeria (25 Feb 2009). "Viña del Mar, "El Monstruo" cumple 50". news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ Urrejola, José (26 February 2020). "Chile: el estallido social se toma el Festival de Viña" (in Spanish). Deutsche Welle (DW). Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ^ Munizaga, Rodrigo (28 February 2020). "Rating: el difícil Viña 2020 es el más visto en nueve años" (in Spanish). La Tercera. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ^ Fortuño, Sergio (26 January 2002). "Latin - Stage Is Set For Viña Del Mar". Billboard. Vol. 114, no. 4. p. 41.
- ^ John, Lanert (6 March 1993). "Artists & Music, Latin Notas". Billboard. Vol. 105, no. 10. p. 38.
- ^ a b "Escenario de cholguán, 9 artistas y apenas 3 carabineros: así fue el primer Festival de Viña del Mar" (in Spanish). T13. 21 February 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ Moreno, Víctor Hugo; Palma, Rodrigo (2007). "Historia del Festival de Viña - 1960-1969: El comienzo - 1960" (in Spanish). El Mercurio on line. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ "Festival de Viña del Mar: Recordemos cómo fue su primera edición". Radio Oasis - Rock & Pop. 21 February 2022. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ a b Moreno, Víctor Hugo; Palma, Rodrigo. "Historia del Festival de Viña - 1960 - 1969 El Comienzo". El Mercurio on line. p. es. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ Cabrera, Natalia (2 March 2019). "Así nació el Festival de Viña del Mar" (in Spanish). France 24. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ Liberal de Castro, José; da Silveira Derenji, Jussara (1993). Arquitetura do ferro: memória e questionamento (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal do Pará. ISBN 978-8-5338-0-2025. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ a b c "La evolución que ha tenido el escenario del Festival de Viña". 24 Horas. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ Varas, José Miguel; González, Juan Pablo (2005). En busca de la música chilena: Crónica y antología de una historia sonora. Editorial Catalonia. ISBN 978-9-56-3242-652.
- ^ "Festival de Viña del Mar - Historia". Radio Recuerdos. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ Moreno, Víctor Hugo; Palma, Rodrigo. "Historia del Festival de Viña - 1970 - 1979 Década marcada por lo político" (in Spanish). El Mercurio on line. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ a b c d Vargas Rojas, Vanessa (February 18, 2015). "Censura, aplausos al dictador y propaganda de derecha: Los días oscuros del Festival de Viña del Mar". El Desconcierto (in Spanish). Retrieved June 12, 2021.
- ^ a b c Contreras, Marcelo (February 26, 2021). "Viña bizarro: 20 historias del lado B del Festival". La Tercera (in Spanish). Retrieved June 10, 2021.
- ^ Vega Martínez, César (February 21, 2020). "Bajo un clima de tensión: las veces que el Festival de Viña del Mar aludió e incomodó a la Dictadura". Radio Bío-Bío (in Spanish). Retrieved June 11, 2021.
- ^ Ceberio, Jesús (12 September 1980). "Pinochet: "Hemos demostrado al mundo que Chile es una nación democrática"". El País. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ T13.cl (10 Nov 2020). "El Festival de Viña del Mar suspende su edición 2021". t13.cl.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Granger, Anthony (2021-11-07). "🇨🇱 Viña del Mar International Song Festival 2022 Cancelled". Eurovoix World. Retrieved 2021-11-08.
- ^ "¡Viña volverá a tener festival! Municipio y canales fijaron la fecha de la edición 2023" (in Spanish). adnradio.cl. March 16, 2022. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
- ^ Canal 13 (February 7, 2017). "La historia detras de los premios del Festival de Viña del Mar". T13.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Tendencias, LR (February 17, 2020). "Viña del Mar 2020: la diferencia entre las gaviotas de oro, plata y platino". LaRepublica.
- ^ Emol (February 17, 2015). "Festival de Viña del Mar elimina la entrega de Antorchas". Emol.
- ^ Tendencias, LR (February 17, 2020). "Viña del Mar 2020: la diferencia entre las gaviotas de oro, plata y platino". LaRepublica.
- ^ "2009 Song Folk Winner". Archived from the original on 2009-03-03. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
- ^ "Revisa la historia de las reinas de Viña del Mar". www.radioagricultura.cl. 9 Feb 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-02-10. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
- ^ Núñez, Leonardo (27 Feb 2012). "Los "Piscinazos" que incendiaron el Festival de Viña". www.guioteca.com.
External links
edit
- Viña del Mar city website (in Spanish)
- Festival de Viña del Mar official website (in Spanish)