The 1st Air Command[a] (Swedish: Första flygeskadern, E 1), previously named Air Command (Swedish: Flygeskadern) and later named Attack Command (Swedish: Attackeskadern) was an air group unit in the Swedish Air Force. The 1st Air Command was the collective name given to the attack wings who would jointly carry out heavier attacks in the event of war. It was active in various formations from 1938 to 1995. It was directly subordinate to the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces and therefore nicknamed ÖB:s klubba ("Supreme Commander's club").[1]
| 1st Air Command | |
|---|---|
| Första flygeskadern | |
| Active | 1938–1995 |
| Country | Sweden |
| Allegiance | Swedish Armed Forces |
| Branch | Swedish Air Force |
| Type | Mixed (1938–1948) Attack (1948–1995) |
| Size | Group |
| Part of | Southern Military District |
| Garrison/HQ | Karlsborg (1938-1942) Stockholm (1942–1957) Gothenburg (1957–1995) |
| Nickname(s) | ÖB:s klubba[1] |
| Insignia | |
| Roundel |  |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Attack | A 21A-3 A 32A Lansen AJ 37 Viggen |
| Bomber | B 3 Junkers B 4 Hawker Hart B 17 B 18 B 18B |
| Fighter | J 8 Gloster Gladiator J 21 J 21R |
| Reconnaissance | S 6 Fokker |
| T 18B | |
Naming
editSince its foundation in 1926, the Swedish Air Force grouped its aircraft into Flygkår (Air Corps, like the Första flygkåren, Andra flygkåren, Tredje flygkåren - the First, the Second, the Third Air Corps etc.), this being the aviation equivalent of an army regiment. In 1936 the Swedish Air Force switched from army-like to navy-like naming of its flying units. Thus the "air corps" became "flying flotillas" (flygflottiljer, sing. flygflottilj) with the respective geographic region added as an official name, thus the Second Air Corps (Andra Flygkår) established in 1926 became the Second Royal Roslagen Flying Flotilla (Andra Kungliga Roslagens Flygflottilj) in 1936. Following the naval nomenclature these flying flotillas were further divided into divisions (divisioner, sing. division) like the navy's destroyer divisions.
In the end of 1938, the Swedish Air Force formed an air squadron (flygeskader) in the end of 1938. In 1942, it became the 1st Air Squadron (Första Flygeskadern, E 1), with the 2nd and 3rd to follow in 1943 and the 4th in 1945. So the traditional Swedish naming of air units is as follows:
History
editAccording to the Defence Act of 1936, an air group commander would in case of war carry out the immediate command of the Swedish Air Force units that were part of the air command. In peacetime, his duties were to plan exercises, inspect wing exercises, and conduct co-exercises and major practical exercises, that is, not to have constant command of Swedish Air Force wings.[5] Flygeskadern (the "Air Command") was organized in response to the emergency preparedness in September 1939 and was resolved (except for the staff) in the latter part of 1940. According to the Defence Act of 1942, four air commands would be permanently organized and in peacetime command the constituent wings regarding tactical and operational exercises. Its staff was located in Karlsborg from 1939 to 1942. In 1942, the Swedish Air Force expanded its war organization into four air commands and the Air Command was renamed 1st Air Command (Första flygeskadern, E 1), with its staff in Stockholm. The distribution of the Swedish Air Force wings to the air commands varied from 1 July 1945, when all four air commands had been organized. The 1st Air Command had attack duties, the 2nd and 3rd Air Command had fighter duties and the 4th Air Command had reconnaissance duties.[5]
The staff were merged with the staff of the Western Air Defence District (Flybo V) on 1 October 1957, and was placed in Gothenburg. This air command was meant to have attack duties.[5] Its command center Björn, was located south of Skara.[6] In 1966, the 1st Air Command became the only air command in the Swedish Air Force, when the three others were decommissioned. The commander of the 1st Air Command was subordinate to the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces according to instruction by the King in Council. Issues concerning unit training and production, the commander of the 1st Air Commandwas subordinate to the Chief of the Air Force.[1] The 1st Air Command was then renamed Attackeskadern ("Attack Command") and was led by a joint staff based in Gothenburg until it was decommissioned in 1995. The decommissioning decision came in conjunction with the Defence Act of 1992, in which it was decided that three geographic air commands were to be established on 1 July 1993 and subsequently retrieved the duties from the 1st Air Command.[7] At the decommissioning, the traditions and history of the 1st Air Command were transferred to the Chief of Air Force Staff, which on 30 June 1998 handed them over to the Air Force Center.
Organisation
edit1938–1940
edit| Wings | Type | Main aircraft | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| F 1 Hässlö | Medium bomber | B 3 Junkers | |
| F 3 Malmslätt | Reconnaissance | S 6 Fokker | |
| F 4 Frösön | Light bomber / Dive bomber | B 4 Hawker Hart | |
| F 8 Barkarby | Fighter | J 8 Gloster Gladiator |
1942–1948
edit| Wings | Type | Main aircraft | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| F 1 Hässlö | Bomber | B 18 | |
| F 4 Frösön | Light bomber | B 17 | |
| F 12 Kalmar | Light bomber | B 17 | |
| F 15 Söderhamn | Day-time fighter | J 21 |
1948–1957
edit| Wings | Type | Main aircraft | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| F 6 Karlsborg | Attack | A 21A-3 | |
| F 7 Såtenäs | Attack | J 21R / B 18B | |
| F 14 Halmstad | Attack | B 18B | |
| F 17 Kallinge | Attack | T 18B |
1957–1966
edit| Wings | Type | Main aircraft | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| F 6 Karlsborg | Attack | A 32A Lansen | |
| F 7 Såtenäs | Attack | A 32A Lansen | |
| F 14 Halmstad | Attack | A 32A Lansen | Removed in 1961, and replaced by F 15 |
| F 15 Söderhamn | Attack | A 32A Lansen | Added in 1961, and replaced F 14 |
| F 17 Kallinge | Attack | A 32A Lansen |
1966–1995
edit| Wings | Type | Main aircraft | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| F 6 Karlsborg | Attack | A 32A Lansen. AJ 37 Viggen from 1977 | |
| F 7 Såtenäs | Attack | A 32A Lansen. AJ 37 Viggen from 1973 | |
| F 15 Söderhamn | Attack | A 32A Lansen. AJ 37 Viggen from 1974 | |
| F 17 Kallinge | Attack | A 32A Lansen until 1975 | Removed from E 1 after rearmament to fighter wing |
Commanding officers
editBetween 1938 and 1941 and 1994 to 1995 the commander had the rank of colonel. Between 1941 and 1994, the commander had the rank of major general.
Commanders
edit- 1938-01-07 – 1942-06-30: Major General Bengt Nordenskiöld
- 1942-07-01 – 1952-03-31: Major General Paulus af Uhr
- 1952-04-01 – 1964-03-31: Major General Björn Bjuggren
- 1964-04-01 – 1966-09-30: Major General Stig Norén
- 1966-10-01 – 1973-03-31: Major General Gösta Odqvist
- 1973-04-04 – 1977-06-30: Major General Bengt Rosenius
- 1977-07-01 – 1980-09-30: Major General Sven-Olof Olson
- 1980-10-01 – 1983-09-30: Major General Erik Nygren
- 1983-10-01 – 1990-09-30: Major General Bertil Nordström
- 1990-10-01 – 1994-10-01: Major General Bert Stenfeldt
- 1994-10-01 – 1995-06-30: Colonel Christer Salsing (acting)
Deputy commanders
editAfter the air defence districts were decommissioned on 30 September 1957, a deputy commander position was added. The deputy commander had the rank of colonel. When all the air groups (except the 1st Air Command) were decommissioned in 1966, the deputy commander position disappeared.
- 1957–1964: Lieutenant Colonel Gösta Sandberg (acting)
- 1964–1966: Colonel Karl-Erik Karlsson
Names, designations and locations
edit| Name | Translation | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flygeskadern | Air Command | 1938 | – | 1942 |
| Första flygeskadern | 1st Air Command | 1942 | – | 1966 |
| Attackeskadern | Attack Command | 1966 | – | 1995-06-30 |
| Designation | From | To | ||
| E 1 | 1938 | – | 1995-06-30 | |
| Location | From | To | ||
| Karlsborg | 1938 | – | 1942 | |
| Stockholm | 1942 | – | 1957 | |
| Gothenburg | 1957-10-01 | – | 1995-06-30 |
Footnotes
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c "Första flygeskadern dirigent med "ÖB:s klubba"" (PDF). Flygvapennytt (in Swedish) (4). Stockholm: Flygstaben: 32–33. 1972. SELIBR 8257600.
- ^ Appich, Jr., Thomas W. (22 July 1988). "REFERENCE AID SWEDISH-ENGLISH GLOSSARY OF MILITARY AND TECHNICAL ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS" (PDF). United States Joint Publications Research Service. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
- ^ Gullberg, Ingvar E. (1977). Svensk-engelsk fackordbok för näringsliv, förvaltning, undervisning och forskning [A Swedish-English dictionary of technical terms used in business, industry, administration, education and research] (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Norstedt. p. 134. ISBN 91-1-775052-0. SELIBR 8345587.
- ^ Gullberg, Ingvar E. (1977). Svensk-engelsk fackordbok för näringsliv, förvaltning, undervisning och forskning [A Swedish-English dictionary of technical terms used in business, industry, administration, education and research] (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Norstedt. p. 223. ISBN 91-1-775052-0. SELIBR 8345587.
- ^ a b c "Förteckning > Flygeskadern / 1. flygeskadern" [List > Air Command / 1st Air Command] (in Swedish). National Archives of Sweden. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- ^ Jansson, Mattias (2015-05-20). "Hemlig militärbas utanför Skara". Nyheter Väst (in Swedish). Sveriges Television. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- ^ Regeringens proposition 1991/92:102 om totalförsvarets utveckling till och med budgetåret 1996/97 samt anslag för budgetåret 1992/93. Regeringens proposition, 8216139 ; 1991/92:102 (in Swedish). Stockholm: Riksdagstryckeriet. 1992. SELIBR 10148318. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
- ^ Stenfeldt, Bert (1992). "Historik" [History] (PDF). Flygvapennytt (in Swedish) (3). Stockholm: Flygstaben: 31. ISSN 0015-4792. SELIBR 8257600.
- ^ Andersson, Lennart (2010). ÖB:s klubba: flygvapnets attackeskader under kalla kriget (PDF). Publikation / Försvaret och det kalla kriget (FOKK), 1652-5388 ; 24 (in Swedish). Stockholm: Svenskt militärhistoriskt bibliotek. p. 208. ISBN 978-91-85789-74-0. SELIBR 11958220. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-12-30. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
- Braunstein, Christian (2005). Svenska flygvapnets förband och skolor under 1900-talet. Skrift / Statens försvarshistoriska museer, 1101-7023 ; 8 [dvs 9] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Statens försvarshistoriska museer. p. 122. ISBN 91-971584-8-8. SELIBR 9845891.
Further reading
edit- Andersson, Lennart (2010). ÖB:s klubba: flygvapnets attackeskader under kalla kriget (PDF). Publikation / Försvaret och det kalla kriget (FOKK), 1652-5388 ; 24 (in Swedish). Stockholm: Svenskt militärhistoriskt bibliotek. ISBN 978-91-85789-74-0. SELIBR 11958220. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-12-30. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
External links
edit- E 1's Friendship Association (in Swedish)