Fitzgerald is a city in and the county seat of Ben Hill County in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia.[6] As of 2020, its population was 9,006.[7] It is the principal city of the Fitzgerald micropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Ben Hill and Irwin counties.
Fitzgerald, Georgia | |
|---|---|
 Fitzgerald City Hall | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Motto(s): "History, Harmony, Heritage"[1] | |
 Location in Ben Hill County and the state of Georgia | |
| Coordinates: 31°42′56″N 83°15′23″W / 31.71556°N 83.25639°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Georgia |
| Counties | Ben Hill and Irwin |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Jason Holt |
| Area | |
• Total | 9.13 sq mi (23.64 km2) |
| • Land | 8.98 sq mi (23.25 km2) |
| • Water | 0.15 sq mi (0.39 km2) |
| Elevation | 361 ft (110 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 9,006 |
| • Density | 1,003.23/sq mi (387.34/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 31750 |
| Area code | 229 |
| FIPS code | 13-29528[3] |
| GNIS feature ID | 0355809[4] |
| Website | fitzgeraldga.org |
A small portion of Fitzgerald is in Irwin County.[8]
History
editFitzgerald was developed in 1895 by Philander H. Fitzgerald, an Indianapolis newspaper editor. A former drummer boy in the Union Army during the Civil War, he founded it as a community for war veterans–both from the Union and from the Confederacy.[9] The majority of the first citizens (some 2700) were Union veterans.[10] It was incorporated on December 2, 1896.[11] The town is located less than 15 miles (24 km) from the site where Confederate president Jefferson Davis was captured on May 10, 1865.
Fitzgerald was an early planned city. It was laid out as a square, with intersecting streets dividing it into four wards. Each ward was divided into four blocks and each block had sixteen squares.[12] The first two streets running north–south on the west side of the city were named after Confederate generals Lee and Johnston, whereas the first two on the east side were named after Union generals Grant and Sherman.[13]
After about a year, the residents planned a Thanksgiving harvest parade. Separate Union and Confederate parades were planned. But when the band struck up to play, the Confederates joined the Union veterans to march as one under the US flag.[14] At the time there was increasing reconciliation nationwide between white soldiers of the North and South; historian David Blight notes that outstanding issues of race were pushed aside. In this era southern states had already begun to pass new constitutions that raised barriers to voter registration, following Mississippi's in 1890, and essentially disenfranchised most freedmen and many poor whites. By 1900, Fitzgerald was a sundown town, prohibiting African Americans from living there.[15]
In recent years the unofficial, and sometimes controversial, mascot of the city has become the red junglefowl, a wild chicken native to the Indian subcontinent. In the late 1960s, a small number were released into the woods surrounding the city and they thrive to this day.[16] In 2019, work began on a 62-foot (19 m) tall topiary statue of a chicken.
Geography
editFitzgerald is located in Southeast Georgia at 31°42′56″N 83°15′23″W / 31.71556°N 83.25639°W (31.715432, -83.256464).[17] U.S. Route 129 passes through the center of the city, leading north to Abbeville, Hawkinsville, and eventually Macon, and south to Ocilla, Nashville, and Lakeland. U.S. Route 319 also passes through Fitzgerald, leading northeast to McRae and Dublin and southwest to Tifton.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.0 square miles (23.3 km2), of which 8.8 square miles (22.9 km2) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.4 km2), or 1.64%, is water.[18]
Climate
edit| Climate data for Fitzgerald, Georgia, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1898–2006 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 84 (29) |
89 (32) |
95 (35) |
95 (35) |
102 (39) |
104 (40) |
106 (41) |
104 (40) |
102 (39) |
97 (36) |
92 (33) |
85 (29) |
106 (41) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 60.1 (15.6) |
64.1 (17.8) |
70.6 (21.4) |
78.0 (25.6) |
84.8 (29.3) |
89.4 (31.9) |
92.4 (33.6) |
90.8 (32.7) |
86.8 (30.4) |
79.5 (26.4) |
69.3 (20.7) |
62.5 (16.9) |
77.4 (25.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 49.3 (9.6) |
52.7 (11.5) |
58.9 (14.9) |
65.6 (18.7) |
73.5 (23.1) |
79.6 (26.4) |
82.5 (28.1) |
81.1 (27.3) |
76.3 (24.6) |
67.5 (19.7) |
57.4 (14.1) |
51.5 (10.8) |
66.3 (19.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 38.6 (3.7) |
41.4 (5.2) |
47.3 (8.5) |
53.3 (11.8) |
62.3 (16.8) |
69.8 (21.0) |
72.5 (22.5) |
71.3 (21.8) |
65.9 (18.8) |
55.6 (13.1) |
45.5 (7.5) |
40.5 (4.7) |
55.3 (12.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 4 (−16) |
−1 (−18) |
17 (−8) |
32 (0) |
42 (6) |
50 (10) |
59 (15) |
55 (13) |
41 (5) |
29 (−2) |
18 (−8) |
7 (−14) |
−1 (−18) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 4.08 (104) |
3.77 (96) |
4.61 (117) |
3.76 (96) |
2.62 (67) |
4.64 (118) |
4.38 (111) |
5.63 (143) |
3.42 (87) |
2.98 (76) |
2.83 (72) |
4.92 (125) |
47.64 (1,212) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 8.5 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 11.6 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 6.8 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 92.9 |
| Source 1: NOAA[19] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: XMACIS2[20] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 1,817 | — | |
| 1910 | 5,795 | 218.9% | |
| 1920 | 6,870 | 18.6% | |
| 1930 | 6,412 | −6.7% | |
| 1940 | 7,388 | 15.2% | |
| 1950 | 8,130 | 10.0% | |
| 1960 | 8,781 | 8.0% | |
| 1970 | 8,187 | −6.8% | |
| 1980 | 10,187 | 24.4% | |
| 1990 | 8,612 | −15.5% | |
| 2000 | 8,758 | 1.7% | |
| 2010 | 9,053 | 3.4% | |
| 2020 | 9,006 | −0.5% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[21] | |||
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
|---|---|---|
| White (non-Hispanic) | 3,392 | 37.66% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 4,804 | 53.34% |
| Native American | 38 | 0.42% |
| Asian | 74 | 0.82% |
| Other/Mixed | 295 | 3.28% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 403 | 4.47% |
At the 2020 United States census, there were 9,006 people, 3,346 households, and 1,932 families residing in the city.
By 2022 a part of the city was in Irwin County, but no people lived in that portion.[23]
Arts and culture
editThe Dorminy-Massee House is now operated as a bed and breakfast. J. J. (Captain Jack) Dorminy built it in 1915 for his family; the two-story, colonial-style home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[24]
The Blue and Gray Museum, located in the town's AB&A 1908 railroad depot, houses several artifacts that tell the story of the town's founding.[25] The town also has a city government owned art gallery located in the Carnegie library on the edge of downtown.
Government and infrastructure
edit
The U.S. Postal Service operates the Fitzgerald Post Office. The city is the county seat, hosting the Ben Hill County Courthouse.
Education
edit
The Ben Hill County School District, which includes all of Ben Hill County,[26] conducts pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of one pre-school, one primary school, an elementary school, a middle school, and a high school.[27] The district has 217 full-time teachers and over 3,395 students.[28]
- Ben Hill County PreK
- Ben Hill County Primary School
- Ben Hill County Elementary School
- Ben Hill County Even Start
- Ben Hill County Middle School
- Fitzgerald High School College and Career Academy
While the Irwin County portion is in the Irwin County School District,[29] as of 2022 no people live in that portion.[23]
Wiregrass Georgia Technical College – Ben Hill-Irwin Campus is located on the southern end of the county.
Media
edit- WRDO Real Radio 96.9
- Herald Leader Newspaper (Fitzgerald)
- WSWG, CBS TV
- CW44, CW TV
- WSWG2, My Network TV
- WOKA Dixie Country 106.7
- WOBB B-100
- WSIZ Radio MyFM 102.3 (Fitzgerald) @ 99.9 (Douglas)
Minor league baseball teams
editFitzgerald was home to a minor league baseball team in the Georgia State League from 1948, the league's first season of operation, through 1952. The team was called the Fitzgerald Pioneers. The club had no affiliation with any major league club during the five seasons of operation in the Georgia State League. After the 1952 season, the Fitzgerald Pioneers relocated to Sandersville and became the Sandersville Wacos, which were affiliated with the Milwaukee Braves for the 1953 season. The team ended their last season in 1956, under different affiliation.
Fitzgerald got a replacement team for the Pioneers in 1953 when the Moultrie Giants of the Georgia–Florida League moved to town. The Moultrie club was a charter member of the Georgia–Florida League when it began operations in 1946. After relocating to Fitzgerald and becoming an affiliate of the Cincinnati Redlegs, the new edition of the Fitzgerald Pioneers lasted one season (1954) saw the team name changed to the Fitzgerald Redlegs. After two years in Fitzgerald, the club returned to Moultrie. It ceased operating in 1958 under the name Brunswick Phillies.
After the Fitzgerald Redlegs left, the city was without a team for the 1955 season. The next year the Cordele club relocated to Fitzgerald after ten seasons in Cordele. They changed affiliation back to what were now called the Kansas City A's, and the Fitzgerald A's played for the 1956 season. In 1957, the club again changed its affiliation, to the Baltimore Orioles; the club was known as the Fitzgerald Orioles for the 1957 season. The Fitzgerald team relocated to Dublin, Georgia after the 1957 season and remained a Baltimore Orioles farm team; they played as the Dublin Orioles for the Georgia–Florida League's last year of operation. Fitzgerald has not had a minor league team in the 63 years since.
Notable people
edit- Morris B. Abram, president of Brandeis University and civil rights leader
- Brainard Cheney, author
- Neal Colzie, NFL defensive back
- General Raymond G. Davis, USMC, World War II hero, Korean War Medal of Honor recipient, Commander of the 3rd Marine Division in 1968–69 in Vietnam, and Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps 1971–72
- Abner Jay, blues musician
- Frances Mayes, author
- Charlie Paulk, seventh pick of 1968 NBA draft
- Jason Poe, NFL offensive guard
- Joe Reliford, youngest professional baseball player
- Lecitus Smith, NFL guard
- Forrest Towns, 1936 Summer Olympics track star
- Jemea Thomas, former NFL cornerback
- Mary Verner, politician, Mayor of Spokane, Washington
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "City of Fitzgerald Georgia Official Website". City of Fitzgerald Georgia Official Website. Archived from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on March 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Archived from the original on February 2, 2001. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Fitzgerald". Georgia Department of Community Affairs. Archived from the original on December 2, 2002. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ "Fitzgerald (City) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
- ^ "2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP (INDEX): Fitzgerald city, GA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 3, 2024. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
- ^ "Fitzgerald Facts and Firsts". Fitzgeraldga.org. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
- ^ "Fitzgerald History". FitzgeraldGA.org. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
- ^ "Fitzgerald". Georgia.gov. Archived from the original on October 18, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
- ^ "City Facts". FitzgeraldGA.org. Archived from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
- ^ "Fitzgerald Streets". FitzgeraldGA.org. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
- ^ "History". FitzgeraldGA.org. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
- ^ "How Northern Settlers Solve the Negro Problem". The Lexington Gazette. Lexington, Virginia. March 28, 1900. p. 1 – via Chronicling America.
In the colony of Fitzgerald, in Georgia, there are very few negroes, and not one allowed to live in the city of Fitzgerald. The founders of this colony and the builders of this city are all Western people, and many of them old Union soldiers. But they met and solved the race problem by keeping the races separate and drawing, not only the color line, but the land line on the negro.
- ^ Minor, Elliott (June 14, 1998). "Town's Wild Jungle Birds: Blessing or Curse?". The Augusta Chronicle. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Fitzgerald city, Georgia". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Fitzgerald, GA". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on October 3, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
- ^ "xmACIS2". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Archived from the original on September 24, 2024. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
- ^ a b "General Highway Map Irwin County" (PDF). Georgia Department of Transportation. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 3, 2024. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
- ^ "Fitzgerald, Georgia - Dorminy-Massee House Bed & Breakfast". dorminymasseehouse.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2024. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
- ^ "Blue and Gray Museum". FITZGERALD, GA. Archived from the original on December 28, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
- ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Ben Hill County, GA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 3, 2024. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
- ^ Georgia Board of Education[permanent dead link], Retrieved May 30, 2010.
- ^ School Stats Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved May 30, 2010.
- ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Irwin County, GA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 3, 2024. Retrieved September 25, 2024. - Text list Archived October 3, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
Further reading
edit- Around Fitzgerald, Georgia, in Vintage Picture Postcards, by Milton N. Hopkins Jr., Arcadia Publishing
- Confederates in the Attic, by Tony Horwitz, Pantheon Books
- Fitzgerald: The Early Days, by Beth Davis, privately published
External links
edit
