Flip angle

In magnetic resonance imaging, the flip angle, also called the nutation angle, pulse angle, tip angle, or excitation angle, refers to the angle that the magnetization vector is tipped or rotated away from the z-axis by a radiofrequency pulse, relative to the main magnetic field. The flip angle is generally measured in degrees or radians; for example, a 90-degree flip angle will deflect all longitudinal magnetization into the transverse, or xy plane. Changing the amplitude or duration of the pulse will change the flip angle.^[1]

The Ernst angle, named for Richard R. Ernst who described it, refers to the flip angle that will produce the maximal intensity of a signal for a given T1 relaxation time and repetition time.^[2]

References

^ Weishaupt, Dominik; Koechli, Victor D.; Froehlich, J. M.; Nanz, D.; Marincek, Borut; Pruessmann, K. P. (February 2008). How Does MRI Work? An Introduction to the Physics and Function of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 151. ISBN 9783540378457. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
^ Runge, Val M.; Heverhagen, Johannes T. (21 May 2022). The Physics of Clinical MR Taught Through Images. Springer International Publishing. p. 87. ISBN 9783030854133. Retrieved 11 April 2023.

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[how-1] Weishaupt, Dominik; Koechli, Victor D.; Froehlich, J. M.; Nanz, D.; Marincek, Borut; Pruessmann, K. P. (February 2008). How Does MRI Work? An Introduction to the Physics and Function of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 151. ISBN 9783540378457. Retrieved 11 April 2023.

[runge-2] Runge, Val M.; Heverhagen, Johannes T. (21 May 2022). The Physics of Clinical MR Taught Through Images. Springer International Publishing. p. 87. ISBN 9783030854133. Retrieved 11 April 2023.

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