The Cyclone engine, also branded Duratec, is Ford Motor Company's latest DOHC family of gasoline V6 engines introduced in 2006.[1] The Cyclone succeeds Ford's previous V6 engine families, including the Canadian built Ford Essex engine introduced in 1981, the Ford Vulcan engine introduced in 1985, the original Duratec V6 introduced in 1993, and the Ford Cologne V6 engine, whose design dates back to 1962. The first version of the Cyclone engine, a 3.5 L V6, appeared in the 2007 Ford Edge and the Lincoln-badged luxury variant, the Lincoln MKX, as well as the Lincoln MKZ. Mazda badges its versions of the Cyclone MZI as it did with its versions of the Duratec V6.
| Ford Cyclone engine | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Ford Motor Company |
| Also called | |
| Production | 2006–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | 60° V6 |
| Displacement | 3.3 L; 203.8 cu in (3,339 cc) 3.5 L; 213.3 cu in (3,496 cc) 3.7 L; 227.4 cu in (3,726 cc) |
| Cylinder bore | 90.4 mm (3.56 in) 92.5 mm (3.64 in) 95.5 mm (3.76 in) |
| Piston stroke | 86.7 mm (3.41 in) |
| Cylinder block material | Aluminum |
| Cylinder head material | Aluminum |
| Valvetrain | DOHC 4 valves per cylinder with VCT and Ti-VCT (later models) |
| Valvetrain drive system | Timing Chain |
| Combustion | |
| Turbocharger | Twin-turbo (on Ecoboost engine) |
| Fuel system | Sequential fuel injection Direct injection (turbocharged models) |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Output | |
| Power output | 262–350 hp (195–261 kW) |
| Torque output | 248–320 lb⋅ft (336–434 N⋅m) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Ford Duratec V6 |
Although Ford continues using the Duratec name, the Cyclone shares no components or design with the previous Duratec and was entirely new.[2]
Notable Cyclone features include a capacity for displacements ranging up to 4.0 L,[1] DOHC 4-valve per cylinder heads, direct acting mechanical bucket (DAMB) camshaft tappets, variable cam timing (iVCT) on the intake camshafts, and twin-independent variable cam timing (Ti-VCT) on some later versions. Features such as Gasoline direct injection and turbocharging were considerations in the design phase and have been added to the engine as part of EcoBoost. The 3.5 L is ULEV-II compliant and is capable of meeting the PZEV requirement.
3.3 L
editThe Duratec 33 3.3 L; 203.8 cu in (3,339 cc) is a downsized version of Duratec 35 with both port and direct injection starting in 2018 model year for Ford F-150, serving as the new base engine.
| Vehicle | Horsepower | Torque | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018–2023 Ford F-150 | 290 hp (216 kW) at 6,500 rpm | 265 lb⋅ft (359 N⋅m) at 4,000 rpm | Naturally Aspirated |
| 2020–present Ford Police Interceptor Utility | 285 hp (213 kW) at 6,500 rpm | 260 lb⋅ft (353 N⋅m) at 4,000 rpm | Naturally Aspirated |
| 2020–present Ford Explorer Hybrid | 285 hp (213 kW) 318 hp (237 kW) combined at 6,500 rpm | 260 lb⋅ft (353 N⋅m) 322 lb⋅ft (437 N⋅m) combined at 4,000 rpm | 318 hp (237 kW) and 322 lb⋅ft (437 N⋅m) combined |
3.5 L
editThe Duratec 35 displaces 3.5 L; 213.3 cu in (3,496 cc) with a 92.5 mm × 86.7 mm (3.64 in × 3.41 in) bore and stroke. Due to packaging differences in transverse (FWD) applications, the water pump is relocated to the valley behind the timing cover and is driven by the timing chain. The 3.5 L engine will fit into any engine bay the smaller Duratec 3.0 L will, and replaced it in some applications (notably the Ford Taurus) in the 2008 model year. Production began in 2006 for the Ford Edge, Lincoln MKX, and Lincoln MKZ.
Official SAE certified engine output is 265 hp (198 kW) and 250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) on 87 octane gas. This is a substantial upgrade in power from the Duratec 30 and bested all comparable 87 octane rated V6 engines at the time of its launch.[3] For 2011, the 3.5 L received Ti-VCT, helping to boost output to 285 hp (213 kW) and 253 lb⋅ft (343 N⋅m).[4] The 3.5 L's highest output to date is 290 bhp (216 kW; 294 PS). This version was used in the redesigned 2011 Ford Explorer.
The engine is assembled at Lima Engine in Lima, Ohio, with expansion planned in Cleveland Engine Plant #1.
The 3.5 L was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2007.
Applications
edit| Vehicle | Horsepower | Torque | Cam Phasing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007–2010 Ford Edge
2007–2010 Lincoln MKX |
265 hp (198 kW) at 6,250 | 250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) at 4,500 | iVCT |
| 2007–2012 Lincoln MKZ
2007 Mazda CX-9 (MZI) 2008–2012 Ford Taurus 2008–2009 Ford Taurus X 2008–2009 Mercury Sable 2010–2012 Ford Fusion Sport |
263 hp (196 kW) at 6,250 | 249 lb⋅ft (338 N⋅m) at 4,500 | iVCT |
| 2009–2012 Ford Flex | 262 hp (195 kW) at 6,250 | 248 lb⋅ft (336 N⋅m) at 4,500 | iVCT |
| 2015–2017 Ford F-150 | 282 hp (210 kW) at 6,500 | 253 lb⋅ft (343 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2011–2014 Ford Edge | 285 hp (213 kW) at 6,500 | 253 lb⋅ft (343 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2015–2018 Ford Edge | 280 hp (209 kW) at 6,500 | 250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2013–2019 Ford Flex | 287 hp (214 kW) at 6,500 | 254 lb⋅ft (344 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2013–2019 Ford Taurus | 288 hp (215 kW) at 6,500 | 254 lb⋅ft (344 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2013–2019 Ford Police Interceptor Sedan | 288 hp (215 kW) at 6,500 | 254 lb⋅ft (344 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2011–2019 Ford Explorer | 290 hp (216 kW) at 6,500 | 255 lb⋅ft (346 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
EcoBoost
editIt is a twin-turbocharged, gasoline direct injected (GTDI) version of the 3.5 L. This engine is used in the 2013-2019 Ford Explorer Sport, 2010-2019 Ford Taurus SHO, 2014-2019 Ford Flex Limited EcoBoost, 2010-2019 Lincoln MKT EcoBoost, and 2010-2016 Lincoln MKS, and is optional for both the 2014-2019 Ford Police Interceptor sedan and Ford Police Interceptor Utility, both of which are based on the Taurus and Explorer.
3.7 L
editThe Duratec 37 is a 3.7 L; 227.4 cu in (3,726 cc) version of the Cyclone V6 intended to power heavier or premium vehicles. The 3.7 L's additional displacement comes from an increase in bore diameter to 95.5 mm (3.76 in), stroke remains identical to the 3.5 L at 86.7 mm (3.41 in). Ford Power Products sells this engine as the CSG-637 for industrial uses starting in mid-2015, which replaced the 4.2L Essex and is manufactured under license by Engine Distributors Inc.[5]
A Hiroshima, Japan assembled Mazda MZI 3.7 was installed in the 2008 Mazda CX-9 and was the first 3.7 L Cyclone V6 to see production. The first Ford application of the 3.7 L was the 2009 Lincoln MKS.
A few days before the 2009 Los Angeles International Auto Show, Ford unveiled a new version of the 3.7 L for the 2011 Mustang, making it the first Duratec-badged V6 since the Lincoln LS to be used in a production rear-wheel drive car. Due to packaging differences in transverse applications, the water pump was relocated to the valley behind the timing cover and is driven by the timing chain. This version of the 3.7 L (3,726 cc) features Twin Independent Variable Cam Timing (Ti-VCT); delivers 31 mpg‑US (7.6 L/100 km; 37 mpg‑imp) highway mileage in the Mustang, and was the first production engine to deliver in excess of 300 hp (224 kW) and 30 mpg‑US (7.8 L/100 km; 36 mpg‑imp).[6]
Applications
edit| Vehicle | Horsepower | Torque | Cam Phasing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008–2015 Mazda CX-9 (MZI) | 273 hp (204 kW) at 6,250 | 270 lb⋅ft (366 N⋅m) at 4,250 | iVCT |
| 2009–2013 Mazda 6 (MZI) | 272 hp (203 kW) at 6,250 | 269 lb⋅ft (365 N⋅m) at 4,250 | iVCT |
| 2009–2012 Lincoln MKS | 275 hp (205 kW) at 6,250 | 276 lb⋅ft (374 N⋅m) at 4,250 | iVCT |
| 2010–2012 Lincoln MKT | 268 hp (200 kW) at 6,250 | 267 lb⋅ft (362 N⋅m) at 4,250 | iVCT |
| 2011–2014 Ford F-150[7] | 302 hp (225 kW) at 6,500 | 278 lb⋅ft (377 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2011–2014 Ford Mustang
2011–2015 Lincoln MKX[8] 2011–2014 Ford Edge Sport |
305 hp (227 kW) at 6,500 | 280 lb⋅ft (380 N⋅m) at 4,250 | Ti-VCT |
| 2012-2019 Morgan Roadster 3.7 | 280 hp (209 kW) at 6,000 | 280 lb⋅ft (380 N⋅m) at 4,500 | Ti-VCT |
| 2013–2016 Lincoln MKZ | 300 hp (224 kW) at 6,500 | 277 lb⋅ft (376 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2013–2016 Lincoln MKS | 304 hp (227 kW) at 6,500 | 279 lb⋅ft (378 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2013–2018 Lincoln MKT | 300 hp (224 kW) at 6,500 | 275 lb⋅ft (373 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2013–present Radical RXC V6 | 350 hp (261 kW) at 6,750 | 320 lb⋅ft (434 N⋅m) at 4,250 | Ti-VCT |
| 2012–2015 Ginetta G60 | 310 hp (231 kW) at 6,500 | 288 lb⋅ft (390 N⋅m) at 4,500 | Ti-VCT |
| 2015–2019 Ford Transit | 275 hp (205 kW) at 6000 | 260 lb⋅ft (353 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2015–2017 Ford Mustang | 300 hp (224 kW) at 6,500 | 280 lb⋅ft (380 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2016 AM General MV-1 | 275 hp (205 kW) at 6,250 | 260 lb⋅ft (353 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2016–2018 Lincoln MKX | 303 hp (226 kW) at 6,500 | 278 lb⋅ft (377 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2017–2020 Lincoln Continental | 305 hp (227 kW) at 6,500 | 280 lb⋅ft (380 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2015–present CSG-637 by Ford Power Products | |||
| 2013-2019 Ford Police Interceptor Utility | 304 hp (227 kW) at 6,500 | 279 lb⋅ft (378 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
| 2013–2019 Ford Police Interceptor Sedan | 305 hp (227 kW) at 6,500 | 279 lb⋅ft (378 N⋅m) at 4,000 | Ti-VCT |
Water pump issues
editWater pumps on transversely mounted 3.5L V6, 3.5L EcoBoost V6, and 3.7L V6 engines have a tendency to fail and potentially ruin the engine when they do. The water pumps on these engines are internally mounted and driven by the timing chain. As a result, when they fail, antifreeze is dumped directly into the crankcase; mixing with engine oil and potentially damaging the head gaskets and connecting rod bearings. Many of these water pump failures occur without warning and repairs often cost thousands of dollars as the engine needs to be disassembled or removed from the vehicle to access the water pump. In some cases, the engine will need to be replaced outright. A class action lawsuit was started against Ford as a result of this issue, but it was dismissed and no recall was given. [9] All longitudinally mounted versions of the 3.3, 3.5, 3.5 EcoBoost, and 3.7 V6 use an external water pump.
Affected vehicles
edit- 2008-09 Mercury Sable
- 2008-09 Ford Taurus X
- 2007-18 Ford Edge
- 2009-19 Ford Flex
- 2010-12 Ford Fusion Sport
- 2007-16 Lincoln MKZ
- 2009-13 Mazda 6 3.7L V6
- 2007-15 Mazda CX-9
- 2008-19 Ford Taurus (including SHO)
- 2017-20 Lincoln Continental
- 2007-18 Lincoln MKX
- 2010-19 Lincoln MKT
- 2011-19 Ford Explorer
- 2013-19 Ford Police Interceptor Sedan
- 2013-19 Ford Police Interceptor Utility
- 2009-16 Lincoln MKS
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Whitfield, Kermit (2003). "Ford's next step in engine manufacturing". Automotive Design & Production.
- ^ Visnic, Bill (December 20, 2006). "Ford Motor Co. Duratec 35 3.5L DOHC V-6". Wards Auto. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Ford's new V-6 catches up to competitors". Detroit News. Retrieved April 12, 2006.
- ^ "2011 FORD EDGE POWERTRAIN: MORE BITE, LESS HUNGER | Ford Motor Company Newsroom". Media.ford.com. 2010-08-16. Archived from the original on 2012-10-04. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
- ^ "Ford Engines". Engine Distributors Inc. 5 December 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- ^ "NEW MUSTANG V-6 WITH 305 HP CERTIFIED AT 31 MPG HIGHWAY; MAKES HISTORY AS FIRST CAR WITH 300+ HP AND 30+ MPG | Ford Motor Company Newsroom". Media.ford.com. 2010-03-04. Archived from the original on 2010-07-16. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
- ^ "2011 FORD F-150 ALL-NEW POWERTRAIN LINEUP DELIVERS BEST-IN-CLASS CAPABILITY, PROJECTED TOP FUEL ECONOMY | Ford Motor Company Newsroom". Media.ford.com. 2010-11-16. Archived from the original on 2011-09-13. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
- ^ "2011 LINCOLN MKX USES ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE BEST-IN-CLASS HORSEPOWER, FUEL ECONOMY | Ford Motor Company Newsroom". Media.ford.com. 2010-08-23. Archived from the original on 2011-09-12. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
- ^ "Ford Lawsuit Over Duratec V6 Due To Water Pump". Ford Authority. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
- "On the Move". Ward's Auto World. Archived from the original on 2005-01-09. Retrieved March 1, 2005.