Kurtus is a genus of percomorph fishes, called the nurseryfishes, forehead brooders, or incubator fish, native to fresh, brackish and coastal marine waters ranging from India, through southeast Asia, to New Guinea and northern Australia. Kurtus is currently the only known genus in the family Kurtidae,[1][2] one of two families in the order Kurtiformes.[3] They are famous for carrying their egg clusters on hooks protruding from the forehead (supraoccipital) of the males, although this only has been documented in K. gulliveri and available evidence strongly suggests this is not done by K. indicus (where the hook likely also is too small to carry embryos).[4] Females do not have a hook.[4]
| Kurtus | |
|---|---|
| |
| male Indian humphead (K. indicus) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gobiiformes |
| Family: | Kurtidae Bleeker, 1859 |
| Genus: | Kurtus Bloch, 1786 |
| Type species | |
| Kurtus indicus Bloch, 1786
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
In addition to the egg hook, the kurtid gas bladder is enclosed in a tubular bony structure evolved from the ribs. In both species, the back is elevated into a hump shape[citation needed].
Despite their unusual reproductive habits, little is known about these species. Historically, they have proven very difficult to keep alive in aquaria, although recent success with K. gulliveri has been achieved by Tokyo Sea Life Park in Japan[citation needed].
Species
editThe currently recognized species in this genus are:[5]
- Kurtus gulliveri Castelnau, 1878 (nurseryfish)
- Kurtus indicus Bloch, 1786 (Indian humphead)
References
edit- ^ Johnson, G.D. & Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Kurtidae". FishBase. August 2013 version.
- ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 752. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^ a b Berra, Tim (2003). Nurseryfish, Kurtus gulliveri (Perciformes: Kurtidae), from northern Australia: redescription, distribution, egg mass, and comparison with K. indicus from southeast Asia. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 14(4): 295–306.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Kurtus". FishBase. August 2013 version.
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