Foucault is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Jean-Pierre Foucault (born 1947), French television host
- Jeffrey Foucault (born 1976), American songwriter
- Léon Foucault (1819–1868), French physicist
- Michel Foucault (1926–1984), French philosopher
- Steve Foucault (born 1949), former Major League Baseball pitcher
- David Foucault (born 1989), Canadian gridiron football player
- Marcel Foucault (born 1865), French philosopher and psychologist