The 4 Aces[a] were the quartet of passenger-cargo liners Excalibur, Exochorda, Exeter, and Excambion, originally built for American Export Lines[b] by New York Shipbuilding of Camden, New Jersey between 1929 and 1931. AEL placed the "4 Aces" in service between the US and the Mediterranean, offering cruises of up to 40 days.
During World War II, all four vessels were taken over by the U.S. Navy, renamed, and designated as AP- and APA-class troop transports. Excambion became USS John Penn (APA-23), Excalibur became USS Joseph Hewes (AP-50), Exeter became USS Edward Rutledge (AP-52), and Exochorda became USS Harry Lee.
Excambion, Excalibur, and Exeter were lost to enemy action;[1] after the war Exochorda was sold to Turkish Maritime Lines and renamed Tarsus.[2][3]
During World War II the company's subsidiary American Export Airlines borrowed three of the names (excepting Exochorda) for its Sikorsky VS-44 flying boats, which it used in transatlantic service. Excambion is preserved on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.
The New “4 Aces”
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After World War II, American Export Lines purchased four C3-class[4] Windsor-class attack transports built by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. at Sparrow's Point, Maryland, had them refitted as passenger-cargo liners, and placed them in service as the new "4 Aces."[5] USS Dauphin became Exochorda, USS Dutchess became Excalibur, USS Queens became Excambion and USS Shelby (APA-105) became Exeter. The quartet sailed under the AEL flag until the 1960s.
In 1968, the post-war SS Exochorda was purchased by Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey to alleviate a shortage of on-campus student housing. It was refurbished at Bethlehem Steel Shipyard in Hoboken, renamed SS Stevens and anchored on the Hudson River adjacent to the campus, where it served a dormitory. It remained in service until 1975, when skyrocketing utility costs made its continued operation prohibitive. Before it was towed away and sold for scrap, one of Stevens' anchors was removed and permanently displayed on campus as a memento.
In 1965, the post-war Excambion became USTS Texas Clipper for service with the Texas Maritime Academy until being sunk as an artificial reef on November 17, 2007.
Notes
edit^ a: Brochures and print ads published by American Export Lines identified their quartet of ships as "4 Aces", as opposed to "Four Aces".
^ b: In 1964, American Export Lines merged with Isbrandtsen Co., becoming American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines.
References
edit- ^ "Exochorda ready for maiden voyage" (PDF, fee required). The New York Times. 1948-10-27. p. 55. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ Vincent L. Saldutti. "History of the Lee". Retrieved 2008-05-01.
- ^ Reuben Goossens. "The First Series of the Much Loved "Four Aces"". ssmaritime.com. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
- ^ "Attack Transport APA-97 Dauphin".
- ^ "Export lines plan new '4 Aces' fleet" (PDF, fee required). The New York Times. 1947-03-23. p. S11. Retrieved 2008-05-26.