The Fourth Seimas of Lithuania was the fourth parliament (Seimas) elected in Lithuania after it declared independence on 16 February 1918. The elections took place on 9 and 10 June 1936, a bit less than ten years after the Third Seimas was dissolved by President Antanas Smetona.[1] The Seimas commenced its work on 1 September 1936. Its five-year term was cut short on 1 July 1940 when Lithuania lost its independence to the Soviet Union. It was replaced by the People's Seimas in order to legitimize the occupation.[2] Konstantinas Šakenis was the chairman of the Seimas.
| Fourth Seimas of Lithuania | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
| Overview | |||||
| Legislative body | Seimas | ||||
| Jurisdiction |  Lithuania | ||||
| Term | 1936–1940 | ||||
| Election | 1936 Lithuanian parliamentary election | ||||
| Members | 49 | ||||
| Chairman | Konstantinas Šakenis | ||||
| Party control | Lithuanian Nationalist Union | ||||
Background
editAfter a military coup d'état in 1926, Smetona assumed the power and continued to strengthen his position. In 1935–1936, Smetona's prestige was declining as a trial against 122 Nazi activists in the Klaipėda Region caused Nazi Germany to declare a boycott of Lithuanian imports of agricultural products.[3] This caused an economic crisis in Suvalkija (Southern Lithuania), where farmers engaged in violent protests.[4] Advisers to Smetona tried to convince him that a Seimas could share the criticisms that was aimed solely at the President.[3]
Elections
editIn early 1936, before the election, all public organizations had to re-register with the government. Political parties, however, were not re-registered and had to close.[5] The Lithuanian Nationalist Union remained the only party in Lithuania. A new electoral law provided that the nominations of the candidates must come not from parties but from counties and municipal councils which were appointed by the central government. The votes were to be cast not for party lists, but for specific individuals.[1] The number of representatives was reduced from 85 to 49. Such changes provided that the Nationalists got 42 seats; remaining seven seats were taken by the Young Lithuania, a youth branch of the Nationalists Union.[5]
The Seimas functioned primarily as an advisory to the President: it debated proposals, made recommendations, and confirmed President's decisions.[5] Its main purpose was to adopt a new constitution. It was accomplished on 11 February 1938. The new constitution provided for even more powers to the president.[1] Up to that point all constitutions defined Lithuania as an independent democratic republic; the 1938 constitution dropped words "democratic" and "republic".[5]
Members
edit49 men were elected to the Seimas:[6]
- Pranas Adamkavičius
- Izidorius Aleksa
- Pranas Aleksandravičius
- Pranas Barkauskas
- Juozas Bikinas
- Povilas Brazdžius
- Antanas Bričkus
- Juozas Buožis
- Julius Čaplikas
- Pranas Dailidė
- Petras Dilys
- Michael Fesling (resigned on 22 March 1939 after the incorporation of Klaipėda Region to Nazi Germany)
- Pranas Galvydis
- Jonas Gečas
- Alfonsas Gilvydis
- Mykolas Gylys
- Klemensas Graužinis (died on 7 August 1939 and was replaced by Ksaveras Andrašiūnas)
- Bronius Gudavičius
- Julius Indrišiūnas
- Jonas Jakimavičius
- Stasys Jakubauskas
- Simanas Janavičius
- Jonas Jasutis
- Antanas Jučas
- Michael Jurgaleit (resigned on 22 March 1939 after the incorporation of Klaipėda Region to Nazi Germany)
- Juozas Kalpokas
- Aleksandras Kniuipis
- Jonas Kudirka
- Vladas Kurkauskas
- Mečislovas Kviklys
- Juozas Laukaitis
- Juozas Maurukas
- Antanas Merkys
- Jonas Pakalniškis (Johann Pakalnischis) (resigned on 22 March 1939 after the incorporation of Klaipėda Region to Nazi Germany)
- Antanas Petrauskas
- Alfonsas Pimpė
- Stasys Putvinskis (resigned in summer 1939 for health reasons and was replaced by Vladas Kaveckas)
- Jonas Raudonis
- Antanas Repčys
- Juozas Rimkus
- Justinas Sadauskas
- Kipras Stankūnas
- Kazys Statulevičius
- Konstantinas Šakenis
- Petras Šegamogas
- Juozas Šėža
- Bronius Tallat Kelpša
- Jonas Viliušis
- Valentinas Žalkauskas
References
edit- ^ a b c Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Seimas". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. V. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. p. 101. LCCN 74-114275.
- ^ "Fourth Seimas 1936–1940". Seimas. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
- ^ a b Eidintas, Alfonsas (1991). Lietuvos Respublikos prezidentai (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Šviesa. pp. 125, 128. ISBN 5-430-01059-6.
- ^ Eidintas, Alfonsas; Vytautas Žalys; Alfred Erich Senn (September 1999). Ed. Edvardas Tuskenis (ed.). Lithuania in European Politics: The Years of the First Republic, 1918–1940 (Paperback ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 123. ISBN 0-312-22458-3.
- ^ a b c d Kamuntavičius, Rūstis; Vaida Kamuntavičienė; Remigijus Civinskas; Kastytis Antanaitis (2001). Lietuvos istorija 11–12 klasėms (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Vaga. pp. 385–386. ISBN 5-415-01502-7.
- ^ Ragauskas, Aivas; Tamošaitis, Mindaugas, eds. (2007). Lietuvos Respublikos Seimų I (1922-1923), II (1923-1926), III (1926-1927), IV (1936-1940) narių biografinis žodynas. Didysis Lietuvos parlamentarų biografinis žodynas (in Lithuanian). Vol. 3. Vilniaus pedagoginis universitetas. pp. 739–740. ISBN 978-9955-20-345-2.