Frances Simpson Stevens (1894 – July 18, 1976) was an American painter, who is best remembered as one of the few Americans to directly participate in the Futurist Movement.[1] Stevens was also one of the artists who exhibited at the landmark show Armory Show in New York City. The show included her oil painting Roof tops of Madrid ($200).[2]
Princess Dimitry Golitzine | |
|---|---|
 Frances Simpson Stevens with artwork, 1917 | |
| Born | Frances Simpson Stevens 1894 |
| Died | July 18, 1976 (aged 81–82) |
| Education | Dana Hall School |
| Spouse |
Prince Dimitry Golitzine
(m. 1919; died 1928) |
Early life
editStevens was born and grew up in Chicago, Illinois.[3][4] Her mother, Ellen Welles Stevens,[5] could trace their ancestry back to 12th century England and passed down a lifetime "fascination with lineage."[6] She was a descendant of Thomas Welles, the first Governor of the Colony of Connecticut.[7]
She graduated from Dana Hall School in Wellesley, Massachusetts, and moved to New York City.[6] In 1912 she attended a summer painting class taught by Robert Henri in Spain. It was there that she painted The roof tops of Madrid, the painting that she would exhibit a year later in the Armory Show,[8] introducing America and Stevens into the concept of modern art.[9]
Career
editFollowing the closing of the show, at the urging of Mabel Dodge, Stevens moved to Florence where she rented a studio from 1913 to 1914 with Mina Loy,[8] who had asked Dodge to find her a boarder. Stevens and Loy became fixtures in the local art scene and it was there that they became acquainted with Marinetti and the Futurists.[10] Stevens was the only American to exhibit at the 1914 Esposizione Libera Futurista Internazionale,[11] where she showed eight works. Lacerba a futurist literary journal based out of Florence, Italy acknowledged Stevens in their writing for her exhibit.
Stevens was active in World War I,[12] where she became involved in the Red Cross[13] for the war effort. After leaving Europe she returned to New York where she published a series of cartoons in Rogue magazine. She also exhibited in New York, receiving a positive review in The New York Times.[12]
Futurism
editStevens explicitly identified her work as futurist. In an article for The Popular Science Monthly, she articulated her vision:
"A futurist artist in Italy, seeing an ordinary street car go by, realizes the future possibilities of power and speed, and he begins to paint great trains going so fast that they lose their definite form in the lines of direction. Motion and light destroy the solidity of the material bodies... The futurists make their engines move, throb and create. Something is always happening in a futurist's pictures, and the great variety of color and changing lines helps to convey this impression." Frances Simpson Stevens, 1917[14]
Very little of Stevens' art has survived. One work that has is Dynamic Velocity of Interborough Rapid Transit Power Station at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.[15][16]
After her 1919 marriage, Stevens and her husband lived in Siberia for two years during the Russian Civil War. They were in Omsk while the Kolchak government was in power there, and later escaped from Vladivostok to Japan on the Russian warship Oriole, whose men were loyal to the Kerensky government. The couple returned to America, arriving in Boston on August 14, 1920, on the British steamship Persian Prince, via China.[17]
Stevens apparently continued her artistic activities for at least some time after her return to New York.[18]
Personal life
editStevens was briefly engaged to Marchese Salimbeni in Florence Italy, but the engagement was discontinued due to World War 1 and Stevens moving back to America. On April 19, 1919, Frances was married Prince Dimitry Golitzine (1882–1928), who was then the attaché to the Russian ambassador. The wedding was widely reported and American Art News identified him as a son of the last Prime Minister of Russia, Prince Nikolai Dmitriyevich Golitsyn.[19] They had reportedly met at a dinner, when the Prince was attached to the Russian Embassy in Washington.[20] They were married in a registrar's office.[20] Frances was latterly styled Princess Dimitry Golitzine. After honeymooning in California, the couple departed for Vladivostok, where the Prince had a naval command, travelling by way of Japan.[19] Frances was his second wife; his first wife was killed in 1918 in Russia, during the aftermath of the Russian Revolution.[citation needed]
Prince Dimitri Golitzine died on May 12, 1928, in Nice, France.[citation needed] Little is known about Stevens' life after her return to America. In 1961, she was admitted to Mendocino State Hospital in California and later died in a residential care home as a ward of the State of California on July 18, 1976.[4]
References
edit- ^ Petteys, Chris, "Dictionary of Women Artists", G K Hill & Co. publishers, 1985. ISBN 978-0-8161-8456-9.
- ^ Brown, Milton W., ‘’The Story of the Armory Show’’, The Joseph H. Hirshhorn Foundation, 1963, p. 293
- ^ Burke, Carolyn; Sawelson-Gorse, Naomi (April 1994). "In search of Frances Simpson Stevens". Art in America. 82 (4): 106.
- ^ a b Shircliff, Jennifer Pfeifer (May 2014). Women of the 1913 Armory Show: Their Contributions to the Development of American Modern Art (PhD dissertation). Louisville, Kentucky: University of Louisville. doi:10.18297/etd/1322. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
- ^ Appeals, New York (State) Court of (1899). New York Court of Appeals. Records and Briefs. p. 58. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ a b "Frances Simpson Stevens 1911 (1894-1976)". library.danahall.org. Dana Hall School. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ "Galatizin - Simpson". Art News. Art Foundation Press: 26. 1918. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ a b Sica, Paola (2015). Futurist Women Florence, Feminism and the New Sciences. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137508041. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ^ ""The Part Played by Women:" The Gender of Modernism at the Armory Show". xroads.virginia.edu. Archived from the original on August 26, 2001. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ^ Burke, Carolyn (1997). Becoming modern : the life of Mina Loy. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 153–156. ISBN 978-0520210899. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ^ Esposizione libera futurista internazionale : pittori e scultori italiani, russi, inglesi, belgi, nordamericani : Roma, Galleria Futurista, aprile-maggio, Rome, 1914
- ^ a b New York Times, 10 March 1916, p. 8
- ^ "Frances Simpson Stevens". Mina Loy - Navigating the Avant-Garde. 2018-07-06. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
- ^ "A power-house as a Futurist painter sees it: The artist sees energy rather than the generating machinery". The Popular Science Monthly. 90 (4): 538. April 1917. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ^ "Dynamic Velocity of Interborough Rapid Transit Power Station". Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ^ Fitzpatrick, Tracy (2009). Art and the subway : New York underground. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-0813544526. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ^ "American, now Princess, fled Russian terror". Boston Post. 23. August 15, 1920. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ^ Berghaus, Günter (2000). International futurism in arts and literature. Berlin: de Gruyter. p. 230. ISBN 9783110156812. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ^ a b "Galitzin-Simpson". American Art News. XVII (30): 8. May 3, 1919. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ^ a b "All Sorts of People". Free Lance. XVIII (989): 4. 18 June 1919. Retrieved 19 December 2015.