Francis Russell Nixon (August 1803 – 7 April 1879) was a British Anglican bishop who served as the first Bishop of Tasmania, Australia.[1] See L. Robson, 'A History of Tasmania', Vol. I, OUP, Melbourne, 1983.
Early life and ministry
editNixon was the son of Robert Nixon, a priest and amateur painter of North Cray, Kent.[2] Nixon was educated at the Merchant Taylors school and St John's College, Oxford, graduating Bachelor of Arts (BA) and subsequently Oxford Master of Arts (MA) and Doctor of Divinity (DD). He was ordained priest in 1827 (the year of his graduation),[3] becoming chaplain at Naples and afterwards held the perpetual curacies of Sandgate and Sandwich. While addressing a public meeting at Canterbury, his eloquence brought him to the notice of William Howley, Archbishop of Canterbury, who appointed him one of the Six Preachers at Canterbury Cathedral.[3] In September 1840 he preached a sermon in the presence of the archbishop, which was published with notes in the same year.
Bishop of Tasmania
edit
On 24 August 1842, Nixon was consecrated a bishop at Westminster Abbey,[3] to serve as the first Bishop of Tasmania, and arrived in the colony (then still called Van Diemen's Land) in June 1843. His first task was the organisation of the church in Tasmania, and being a moderate high churchman he came into conflict with some clergy of evangelical views. His Lectures, Historical, Doctrinal, and Practical on the Catechism of the Church of England, a volume of over 600 pages, was published in London in 1843, and a second edition was called for in the following year. His letters patent declared his jurisdiction "spiritual and ecclesiastical throughout the diocese according to the ecclesiastical laws of England". Endeavouring to act on his letters of appointment, he came into conflict with the governor, John Eardley-Wilmot, and the Presbyterian and other denominations petitioned Queen Victoria on the subject.
Nixon's administration of the Diocese of Tasmania was firm and energetic, and he set a good example to the colonists by devoting a large proportion of his own income to the needs of the church and education. In 1847, he addressed a vigorous communication Henry Grey, 3rd Earl Grey on the evils of transportation, which was printed by order of the House of Commons in that year. It was also privately printed and issued at Launceston in November 1848. In addition to the works already mentioned Nixon published a short History of Merchant-Taylors' School in 1823, The Cruise of the Beacon, A Narrative of a Visit to the Islands in Bass's Straits (1857), and some charges and sermons.
Artist and photographer
editLike his father, Nixon practised painting; his sketchbook containing drawings and paintings of Tasmanian scenes is at the State Library of New South Wales.[4] Early photographer Louisa Anne Meredith is remembered by John Watt Beattie in the 1880s showing him the "many specimens of both her own and the Bishop Nixon's photographic work in those early days of the very black art,"[5][6] and that she had been "instrumental in having the last remnant of the Tasmanian Aboriginals photographed for the purposes of science;" in March 1858, Nixon had made portraits of nine individuals belonging to the Oyster Cove group, photographs which remained relatively obscure until Beattie reproduced copies of them for the tourist industry, using his own name.[7]
Later life
editNixon resigned on account of ill health in March 1863, and was given a valuable living at Bolton Percy, Yorkshire, England; but finding his health would not allow him to give proper attention to his duties he resigned it in 1865, and went to live near Lake Maggiore in Italy. He died at his residence there on 7 April 1879.[2]
References
edit- ^ "Nixon, Francis Russell (1803–1879)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 6 February 2018, retrieved 25 May 2023
- ^ a b Barrett, W. R., "Nixon, Francis Russell (1803–1879)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 25 May 2023
- ^ a b c "The King's Candlesticks: Pedigrees Rt Rev Dr Francis Russell NIXON [1203]".
- ^ "Album of sketches and watercolours of Tasmania, 1840-1853 / Francis Russell Nixon, Bishop of Tasmania". Collection - State Library of NSW. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- ^ Beattie quoted in the Tasmanian Mail, 26 October 1895
- ^ "Aborigines of Tasmania : 31 photographs / David Scott Mitchell copy". Collection - State Library of NSW. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- ^ Reeder, Warwick (16 December 2013). "Australia". In Hannavy, John (ed.). Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography. Routledge. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-203-94178-2.