Francisco García-Escámez e Iniesta, 1st Marquess of Somosierra (Cádiz, 1 March 1893 – Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 12 June 1951) was a Spanish military officer who participated in the coup d'état against the government of the Second Republic, and then fought for the Nationalist faction in the Civil War.
Francisco García-Escámez | |
|---|---|
 Bust in Santa Cruz de La Palma | |
| Birth name | Francisco García-Escámez e Iniesta |
| Born | 1 March 1893 Cádiz |
| Died | 12 June 1951 (aged 58) Santa Cruz de Tenerife |
| Buried | Church of San Fernando Rey, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 28°27′20″N 16°16′23″W / 28.45556°N 16.27306°W |
| Allegiance |  Nationalist Spain |
| Service | Spanish Army |
| Rank | General |
| Unit | Spanish Legion |
| Commands | IV Military Region (1946) Captaincy General of the Canary Islands |
| Battles / wars | Rif War Spanish Civil War |
| Awards |  Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand_pasador.svg){kind=small} Grand Cross (with White Decoration) of Military Merit (1943) Grand Cross of the Order of Beneficence (1947) Grand Officer of the Civil Order of Africa (1951) |
| Spouse(s) | Isabel García-Ramos de la Corte |
| Children | 3 (Francisco, Antonio and Carmen) |
Biography
editAs an infantry soldier, he obtained the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand for his actions in the Rif War. Stationed in Navarre, with the rank of colonel, he collaborated with General Emilio Mola in the preparation of the uprising.
Civil War
editOnce the Civil War began in July 1936, he commanded a Nationalist column composed of about a thousand men, mostly Falangist and Requeté volunteers, with which he left Pamplona in the direction of Madrid, overcoming strong Republican resistance in Alfaro; with his column he came to occupy Logroño on 20 July, arresting General Víctor Carrasco Amilibia, military commander, accusing him of indecision. The next day he passed through Soria and reached the outskirts of Guadalajara without taking it. On 23 July he arrived in Aranda de Duero, taking command of all the forces in the area and forming two groups – one of them commanded by Colonel Bartolomé Rada. (For a few months this group was called "Division of Soria", receiving the number 53 to later become 72nd and now, definitively, 73rd.) On 10 October he conquered Sigüenza, and subsequently commanded troops on the Somosierra fronts, and in the Battle of Jarama in February 1937, as well as later in the Battle of the Ebro. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1938. As a general, in the Aragon Offensive he commanded one of the four divisions of the Moroccan Army Corps under Yagüe, occupying Caspe on 17 March.
Military governor of Barcelona
editHe was military governor of Barcelona after the Civil War.[1] On 13 April 1942, he was appointed military governor of Seville. At that time he was major general.[2]
Captain General of the Canaries
editSubsequently, on 2 March 1943, he was appointed Captain General of the Canary Islands,[3] As military commander of the Canary Islands, he carried out certain work of economic, social and cultural development that allowed overcoming the precarious conditions imposed by the isolation of the archipelago, caused by the Civil War and World War II.[4]
Recognitions
edit
On 30 September 1943, he was awarded the Grand Cross (with White Decoration) of Military Merit.[5] After his death, Francisco Franco granted him the title of Marquess of Somosierra.[6] Currently, García-Escámez is buried in the Church of San Fernando Rey, in the García Escámez neighborhood of the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
References
edit- ^ (in Spanish) Auge y caída de una líder carlista en el Franquismo: María Rosa Urraca Pastor, por Antonio Manuel Moral Roncal, en la web de la revista Aportes, consultado el 28 de enero de 2019.
- ^ (in Spanish) Decreto de 13 de abril de 1942, en el BOE, consultado el 28 de enero de 2019.
- ^ (in Spanish) Decreto de 2 de marzo de 1943, en el BOE, consultado el 28 de enero de 2019.
- ^ (in Spanish) Juan del Castillo: Canarias y Franco [1]
- ^ (in Spanish) Decretos de 30 de septiembre de 1943, en el BOE, consultado el 28 de enero de 2019.
- ^ (in Spanish) Decretos de 1 de abril de 1952, en el BOE, consultado el 7 de abril de 2024.