Frank Bursley Taylor (1860–1938) was an American geologist.
Frank Bursley Taylor | |
|---|---|
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| Born | November 23, 1860 Fort Wayne, Indiana |
| Died | June 12, 1938 (aged 77) Fort Wayne, Indiana |
| Occupation | Geologist |
| Spouse |
Minnetta Amelia Ketchum
(m. 1899) |
| Signature | |
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Biography
editFrank Bursley Taylor was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana on November 23, 1860, the son of a lawyer.[1][2] He married Minnetta Amelia Ketchum on April 24, 1899.[2]
After dropping out of Harvard, his private studies were financed in large part by his wealthy father. He became a specialist in the glacial geology of the Great Lakes, and proposed to the Geological Society of America on December 29, 1908[3] that the continents moved on the Earth's surface, that a shallow region in the Atlantic marks where Africa and South America were once joined, and that the collisions of continents could uplift mountains. His ideas were based on his studies on mountain ranges as the Andes, Rockies, Alps and Himalayas, concluding that these mountains could have been formed only as a result of titanic lateral pressures that thrust the earth's surface upward.[4] His theory was either ignored or opposed by other scientists of his time.[5] He wrote a total ten papers on the subject of continental drift[2] Taylor's ideas about continental drift were independently discovered by Alfred Wegener in Germany three years later, in January 1912, and the theory of continental drift is historically often referred to as the "Taylor-Wegener hypothesis,"[2][6][7] although Taylor himself disapproved of the hyphenated name.[8] But even with Wegener's extensive extra research the idea did not achieve acceptance until the 1960s when a vast weight of evidence had accrued via Harry Hess, Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews.
In a later paper[8] he proposed that this occurred by their being dragged towards the equator by tidal forces during the hypothesized capture of the moon, resulting in "general crustal creep" toward the equator. The initial key to his proposal, the complementary shapes of the continental masses, had been observed as early as the 16th century by Abraham Ortelius, but had lacked a credible driving force. His own proposition was that the moon was captured by the Earth's gravity during the Cretaceous period 100 million years ago, and came so close to the earth that its tidal pull dragged the continents toward the Equator. This lacked evidence, thus undermining the credibility of the continental drift observation. He had proposed that the continents ploughed through the ocean floors towards the equator, wrinkling their Equator-facing fronts to produce the Himalayas and Alps. Although his proposed mechanism was wrong, he was the first to come to the insight that one of the effects of continental motion would be the formation of mountains due to the collision of continental plates.[6]
Taylor died from coronary thrombosis at his home in Fort Wayne on June 12, 1938.[9]
References
edit- ^ Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Report (Report VII) of the Secretary of the Class of 1886 of Harvard College. The University Press. 1911. pp. 305–307. Retrieved April 20, 2023 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c d Obituary: Frank Bursley Taylor (1860 – 1938), Proceedings of the American Academy, Vol. 75, No. 6 (December 1944), American Academy of Arts and Sciences, pp. 176-178 (retrieved April 20, 2023)
- ^ Geological Society of America (v. 21, p. 179–226)
- ^ Henry R. Frankel, "Wegener and Taylor develop their theories of continental drift," in The Continental Drift Controversy: Wegener and the Early Debate Volume 1, Wegener and the Early Debate, pp. 38-80, Cambridge University Press, 2012. ISBN 9780521875042 doi:10.1017/CBO9780511842368.004
- ^ Miller Russel et al. (1983) Continents in collision, Time-Life Books, Amsterdam, pp. 28,29
- ^ a b Lawrence Powell, James, Four Revolutions in the Earth Sciences: From Heresy to Truth, Columbia University Press (2015) pp. 69-70 ISBN 0231538456, 9780231538459, (Google Books, retrieved April 20, 2023)
- ^ Hansen, L. T., Some considerations of, and additions to the Taylor-Wegener hypothesis of continental displacement, Los Angeles, 1946. OCLC Worldcat reference
- ^ a b R. M. Wood, "Coming Apart at the Seams", New Scientist, January 24, 1980
- ^ "F. B. Taylor, Geologist of National Note, Dies". Indianapolis News. Fort Wayne, Indiana. June 13, 1938. p. 17. Retrieved April 20, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.