The French occupation of Thessaly took place in June 1917, during the First World War, as part of the Allied intervention in the Greek National Schism. The chief military clash of the occupation became known as the Battle of the Flag (Greek: μάχη της σημαίας).
| French occupation of Thessaly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of National Schism of WWI | |||||
 Venizelos returning to Greece following the end of the Campaign, July 1917 | |||||
| |||||
| Belligerents | |||||
 Provisional Government of National Defence France |
 Kingdom of Greece | ||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||
|
Maurice Sarrail |
Constantine I Athanasios Frangou | ||||
| Units involved | |||||
|
two infantry regiments with three infantry battalions each; four cavalry regiments; two artillery divisions and two aircraft squadrons |
1/38 National Guard Command | ||||
| Strength | |||||
| 20,000 | 800 | ||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||
| 59 killed | 7 killed, 15 wounded | ||||
Events
editThe French army occupied consecutively on June 11 – Elasson; June 12–14 – Larissa; on 13/15 June – Velestino, Volos and Trikala; on June 15/17 – Kalambaka, and on June 26 – Lamia.[1]
The chief military confrontation of the operation occurred when the French attempted to disarm the 1/38 Evzone Regiment in Larissa, under the command of Lt. Colonel Athanasios Frangos. The regiment refused to obey the command to surrender its weapons, and retreated west towards the mountains. The French launched Moroccan sipahis in pursuit of the unit, encircling it and forcing it to surrender after clashes (named "Battle of the Flag", as the Greeks carried the regimental standard with them) that claimed the lives of 59 Greek officers and soldiers, as well as seven killed and 15 wounded on the French side.[2][3]
At the same time the Allies issued an ultimatum to Constantine threatening to bombard Athens. As a result King Constantine I of Greece abdicated.
At least 200 royalist Greek MPs, municipal leaders, lawyers and doctors were introduced into a prison camp in Thessaloniki. The Thessaloniki concentration camp was surrounded by double rows of wire mesh, and the guard was made up of Cambodian and Senegalese soldiers.[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Η ΜΑΧΗ ΤΗΣ ΣΗΜΑΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ „ΑΚΑΤΑΝΟΗΤΟ ΤΡΟΠΑΙΟ“
- ^ a b "12 Ιουνίου 1917(*): Η "μάχη της σημαίας" και η βίαιη κατάληψη της Θεσσαλίας από τον Γαλλικό στρατό" (in Greek). Θέματα Ελληνικής Ιστορίας. 12 July 2013.
- ^ Damianos Athanasiou (10 July 2014). "Εγινε χθες η παρασημοφόρηση της ένδοξης σημαίας της 1/38 Διοίκησης Ταγμάτων Εθνοφυλακής Ευζώνων (φωτορεπορτάζ)". Dimokratiki.gr. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
Sources
edit- Abbott, G. F. (2008). Greece and the Allies 1914–1922. London: Methuen & co. ltd. ISBN 978-0-554-39462-6.
- Dutton, D. (1998). The Politics of Diplomacy: Britain and France in the Balkans in the First World War. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-079-7.
- Επίτομη ιστορία της συμμετοχής του Ελληνικού Στρατού στον Πρώτο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο 1914 - 1918 [Concise History of the Hellenic Army's Participation in the First World War 1914–1918] (in Greek). Athens: Hellenic Army History Directorate. 1993.
- Leontaritis, Georgios; Oikonomou, Nikolaos & Despotopoulos, Alexandros (1978). "Ἡ Ἑλλάς καὶ ὁ Α′ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος" [Greece and World War I]. In Christopoulos, Georgios A. & Bastias, Ioannis K. (eds.). Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΕ΄: Νεώτερος Ελληνισμός από το 1913 έως το 1941 [History of the Greek Nation, Volume XV: Modern Hellenism from 1913 to 1941] (in Greek). Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. pp. 15–73. ISBN 978-960-213-111-4.