Friedrich Hans Beck (16 February 1927 – 20 December 2008) was a German physicist. His research interests were focused on superconductivity,[2][3] nuclear and elementary particle physics,[4][5] relativistic quantum field theory, and late in his life, biophysics and theory of consciousness.[6][7][8]
Friedrich Beck | |
|---|---|
 Beck as featured in the "Men Who Made a New Science" article published in the June 2008 Special Issue "Synaptic Quantum Tunnelling" of NeuroQuantology[1] | |
| Born | Friedrich Hans Beck 16 February 1927 |
| Died | 20 December 2008 (aged 81) |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater | University of Göttingen (Ph.D.) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Theoretical physics Particle physics Quantum field theory Biophysics |
| Institutions | Technische Universität Darmstadt |
| Doctoral advisor | Max von Laue |
Early life and education
editBeck was born in Wiesbaden, Germany. He was the son of the businessman Fritz Beck and his wife Margaret Cron. Beck attended the Grammar School in Darmstadt and after that studied physics at University of Göttingen and Darmstadt University of Technology. As a student of Max von Laue, he performed research on superconductivity. In the spring of 1950 Beck started work on his PhD thesis entitled "The electrodynamic potential in the extended phenomenological theory of superconductivity",[2] which he defended 1952 at University of Göttingen and obtained Doctor rerum naturalium.
Academic career
editFrom 1952 to 1954, Beck worked as an assistant at the Fritz Haber Institute in Berlin.[3] He followed a research visit in the U.S. from 1954 to 1956 as a research associate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, then went back to the University of Munich, where in 1958 he wrote a Habilitation thesis on nuclear reactions as a result of electromagnetic interactions. From 1958 to 1960, he worked as a lecturer both at the University of Munich and Heidelberg University.
In 1960, Beck was appointed an Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics at Goethe University Frankfurt.
In 1963, he became a Professor of Theoretical Physics at Darmstadt University of Technology, where in the same year he took over the management of the Institute for Theoretical Nuclear Physics.
Beck held visiting professorship positions several times. From 1974 to 1975, he taught at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in 1976 at the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, in 1979 at the University of Maryland, College Park, in 1983 at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, in 1987 at the University of Washington in Seattle, in 1988 at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Beersheba, and in 1991 at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.
After Beck's retirement in 1995, his successor at Darmstadt University of Technology became Professor Jochen Wambach.
Collaboration with John C. Eccles
edit
1. Mitochondrion
2. Synaptic vesicle with neurotransmitters
3. Autoreceptor
4. Synapse with neurotransmitter released (serotonin)
5. Postsynaptic receptors activated by neurotransmitter (induction of a postsynaptic potential)
6. Calcium channel
7. Exocytosis of a vesicle
8. Recaptured neurotransmitter
In 1991, Friedrich Beck met sir John Carew Eccles, a 1963 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, during a summer school in Northern Italy organized by a German foundation for the promotion of outstanding students.[1] In collaboration, they developed a quantum mechanical model of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release at synapses in the human cerebral cortex.[1][6][7][8][9] The model endorses interactionist dualism[10] and postulates that human consciousness could affect the functioning of synapses in the brain through quantum tunneling of electrons between the lipid bilayers of the synaptic vesicle and the presynaptic membrane. The tunneling of electrons triggers the process of exocytosis and thus initiates the transmission of information from the presynaptic neuron towards the postsynaptic neuron.[6][11] The model proposed by Beck and Eccles is based on pure quantum tunneling and predicts temperature independence of exocytosis,[6][7][8] which has been experimentally tested and found to be incorrect.[12] Nevertheless, recent research has shown that the original Beck-Eccles model could be updated and zipping of SNARE proteins in exocytosis could be triggered by vibrationally assisted tunneling.[12][13][14]
References
edit- ^ a b c Friedrich Beck (2008). "My Odyssey with Sir John Eccles". NeuroQuantology. 6 (2): 161–163. doi:10.14704/nq.2008.6.2.170.
- ^ a b Friedrich Beck (1951). "Das elektrodynamische Potential in der erweiterten phänomenologischen Theorie der Supraleitung". Zeitschrift für Physik A. 129 (3): 246–274. Bibcode:1951ZPhy..129..246B. doi:10.1007/BF01327481. S2CID 121963181.
- ^ a b Friedrich Beck (1955). "Stability of a phase boundary inside a superconductor". Physical Review. 98 (4): 852–856. Bibcode:1955PhRv...98..852B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.98.852.
- ^ Wehrberger K, Beck F (1989). "Effect of vacuum fluctuations on the quasielastic response functions in quantum hadrodynamics". Nuclear Physics A. 491 (4): 587–597. Bibcode:1989NuPhA.491..587W. doi:10.1016/0375-9474(89)90519-8.
- ^ Wehrberger K, Bedau C, Beck F (1989). "Electromagnetic excitation of the delta-baryon in quantum hadrodynamics". Nuclear Physics A. 504 (4): 797–817. Bibcode:1989NuPhA.504..797W. doi:10.1016/0375-9474(89)90008-0.
- ^ a b c d Friedrich Beck; John C. Eccles (1992). "Quantum aspects of brain activity and the role of consciousness" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (23): 11357–11361. Bibcode:1992PNAS...8911357B. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.23.11357. PMC 50549. PMID 1333607.
- ^ a b c Friedrich Beck (1996). "Can quantum processes control synaptic emission?". International Journal of Neural Systems. 7 (4): 343–353. doi:10.1142/S0129065796000300. PMID 8968823.
- ^ a b c Friedrich Beck; John C. Eccles (1998). "Quantum processes in the brain: A scientific basis of consciousness". Cognitive Studies: Bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society. 5 (2): 95–109. doi:10.11225/jcss.5.2_95.
- ^ Friedrich Beck; John C. Eccles (2003), "Quantum processes in the brain: A scientific basis of consciousness", in Naoyuki Osaka (ed.), Neural Basis of Consciousness, Advances in Consciousness Research, vol. 49, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 141–165, doi:10.1075/aicr.49.14bec
- ^ Georgiev, Danko D. (2011). "A linkage of mind and brain: Sir John Eccles and modern dualistic interactionism". Biomedical Reviews. 22: 81–84. doi:10.14748/bmr.v22.38. ISSN 1314-1929.
- ^ Friedrich Beck (2008). "Synaptic Quantum Tunnelling in Brain Activity". NeuroQuantology. 6 (2): 140–151. doi:10.14704/nq.2008.6.2.168.
- ^ a b Georgiev, Danko D.; Glazebrook, James F. (2014). "Quantum interactive dualism: From Beck and Eccles tunneling model of exocytosis to molecular biology of SNARE zipping". Biomedical Reviews. 25: 15–24. doi:10.14748/bmr.v25.1038. ISSN 1314-1929.
- ^ Georgiev, Danko D.; Glazebrook, James F. (2010). "SNARE proteins as molecular masters of interneuronal communication". Biomedical Reviews. 21: 17–23. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.676.3478. doi:10.14748/bmr.v21.43. ISSN 1314-1929.
- ^ Georgiev, Danko D.; Glazebrook, James F. (2018). "The quantum physics of synaptic communication via the SNARE protein complex". Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. 135: 16–29. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.01.006. PMID 29371042. S2CID 13906795.