Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Gerhard (29 November 1795 – 12 May 1867) was a German archaeologist. He was co-founder and secretary of the first international archaeological society.
Biography
editGerhard was born at Posen, and was educated at Breslau and Berlin. The reputation he acquired by his Lectiones Apollonianae (1816) led soon afterwards to his being appointed professor at the gymnasium of Posen. On resigning that office in 1819, on account of weakness of the eyes, he went in 1822 to Rome, where he remained for fifteen years.[1]
Gerhard was one of the principal originators of the Instituto di corrispondenza archeologica,[1] founded at Rome in 1829, with the support of the Prussian crown prince, Frederick William. Co-founders included Theodor Panofka, Otto Magnus von Stackelberg and August Kestner. This model of international cooperation and systematic scientific publication was influenced by the example of Alexander von Humboldt, and later became the present-day German Archaeological Institute. Gerhard served as secretary to the new Institute during his stay in Rome.
Returning to Germany in 1837 he was appointed archaeologist at the Royal Museum of Berlin, and was also elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society that same year.[2] In 1844 he was chosen a member of the Academy of Sciences, and a professor in Berlin University.[1]
Evaluation
editThe New International Encyclopædia of 1905 gives the following evaluation of his work:
- Gerhard's great service to archæological study was in the publication of important groups of monuments, and in promoting an orderly classification. Such a worker was much needed at this time, when the excavations at Vulci and elsewhere in Etruria increased so suddenly the mass of early vases and other small objects. For artistic beauty and style Gerhard had little perception; his interest was largely antiquarian, and it is characteristic of him that he was attracted by the Etruscan art, generally of little interest to the artist.
Publications
edit
Gerhard contributed to Platner et al.'s Beschreibung der Stadt Rom (Description of the city of Rome; Vol. I, 1829). Besides a large number of archaeological papers in periodicals, in the Annali of the Institute of Rome, and in the Transactions of the Berlin Academy, and several illustrated catalogues of Greek, Roman and other antiquities in the Berlin, Naples and Vatican Museums, Gerhard was the author of the following works:
- Rapporto intorno i vasi Volcenti (1831)
- Antike Bildwerke (Stuttgart, 1827–1844)
- Auserlesene griechische Vasenbilder (1839—1858)
- Griechische und etruskische Trinkschalen (1843)
- Etruskische und campanische Vasenbilder (1843)
- Etruskische Spiegel (4 vols., 1843–68; 5th vol. by Klugmann et al., 1897)
- Apulische Vasen (1846)
- Trinkschalen und Gefässe (1850)
- Hyperboreisch-römische Studien (vol. i., 1833; vol. ii., 1852)
- Prodromus mythologische Kunsterklärung (Stuttgart and Tübingen, 1828)
- Griechische Mythologie (1854-1855)
- Gesammelte akademische Abhandlungen und kleine Schriften, published posthumously (2 vols., Berlin, 1867)
Notes
edit- ^ a b c d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gerhard, Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 767.
- ^ American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
References
edit- Schnapp, Alain (2004). "Eduard Gerhard: Founder of Classical Archaeology?". Modernism/Modernity. 11 (1). Johns Hopkins University Press: 169–171. doi:10.1353/mod.2004.0026. S2CID 144601866. On website Archaeolog - all things archaeological (password required) at Stanford University, accessed June 26, 2006.
- Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). . Encyclopedia Americana. This work in turn cites:
- Jahn, Eduard Gerhard, ein Lebensabriss (Berlin 1868)
- Sandys, A History of Classical Scholarship (Vol. III, Cambridge 1908)
- Ernst Platner; Carl Bunsen; Eduard Gerhard; Wilhelm Röstell (1829). Beschreibung der Stadt Rom. Vol. Band I. With additional contributions by B. G. Niebuhr, F. Hoffmann, Architekten Knapp und Stier and Emiliano Sarti. Stuttgart and Tübingen: J. G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.
- Lettre à M. le professeur Edouard Gerhard sur quelques miroirs étrusques. Par Jean de Witte. Extrait des Nouvelles Annales. Institut d'archéologie. Paris 1838.
Attribution:
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.