The Front of Patriotic and National Parties – FPNP (Arabic: جبهة الأحزاب الوطنية والقومية | Jabhat al-Ahzab al-Wataniyya wal-Qawmiyya) was a Syrian-backed coalition of Lebanese Political parties and militias formed in the late 1970s.
| Front of Patriotic and National Parties جبهة الأحزاب الوطنية والقومية | |
|---|---|
| Leaders | Musa al-Sadr, Kamal Shatila |
| Dates of operation | 1976 – 1982 |
| Group(s) |  Amal Movement SSNP (pro-Syrian faction) Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region (pro-Syrian faction)Union of Working People's Forces (UWPF) Razkari Party |
| Headquarters | Beirut |
| Allies |  Syrian Army |
| Opponents |  Lebanese Front Lebanese National Movement (LNM) Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) Israel Defense Forces (IDF) |
| Battles and wars | Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) |
Origins
editIt was formed in late March 1976 at West Beirut by breakaway sections of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM), which included the pro-Syrian factions of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon (SSNP) and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region, the Shia Amal Movement led by Musa al-Sadr, Kamal Shatila's Union of Working People's Forces (UWPF)[1][2] and the Kurdish Razkari Party. The FPNP supported the June 1976 Syrian intervention in Lebanon.[3][4]
Decline and demise
editThe alliance lasted until mid-1982, when it collapsed together with their LNM rival in the wake of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
See also
editNotes
editReferences
edit- Edgar O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998. ISBN 0-333-72975-7
- Rex Brynen, Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990. ISBN 0 86187 123 5 – [1]
- Itamar Rabinovich, The war for Lebanon, 1970-1985, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1989 (revised edition). ISBN 978-0-8014-9313-3, 0-8014-9313-7 – [2]
- Lucien Bitterlin, La flamme et le soufre, VegaPress, 1988. ISBN 9782906480049 (in French) – [3]
- Naomi Joy Weinberger, Syrian Intervention in Lebanon: The 1975-76 Civil War, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1986. ISBN 978-0195040104, 0195040104