Fukutin is a eukaryotic protein necessary for the maintenance of muscle integrity, cortical histogenesis, and normal ocular development. Mutations in the fukutin gene have been shown to result in Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) characterised by brain malformation - one of the most common autosomal-recessive disorders in Japan.[5] In humans this protein is encoded by the FCMD gene (also named FKTN), located on chromosome 9q31.[6][7][8] Human fukutin exhibits a length of 461 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 53.7 kDa.

FKTN
Identifiers
AliasesFKTN, CMD1X, FCMD, LGMD2M, MDDGA4, MDDGB4, MDDGC4, fukutin, LGMDR13
External IDsOMIM: 607440; MGI: 2179507; HomoloGene: 31402; GeneCards: FKTN; OMA:FKTN - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_139309
NM_001363126
NM_001363127
NM_001363128

RefSeq (protein)

NP_647470
NP_001350055
NP_001350056
NP_001350057

Location (UCSC)Chr 9: 105.56 – 105.65 MbChr 4: 53.71 – 53.78 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
Fukutin-related
Identifiers
SymbolFukutin-related
PfamPF04991
InterProIPR009644
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary

Function

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Although its function is mostly unknown, fukutin is a putative transmembrane protein that is ubiquitously expressed, although at higher levels in skeletal muscle, heart and brain.[9] It is localized to the cis-Golgi compartment, where it may be involved in the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in skeletal muscle. The encoded protein is thought to be a glycosyltransferase and could play a role in brain development.[7] Fukutin is expressed in the mammalian retina and is located in the Golgi complex of retinal neurons.[10]

Clinical significance

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Defects in this gene are a cause of Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2M (LGMD2M), and dilated cardiomyopathy type 1X (CMD1X).[7][11]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000106692Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028414Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Kobayashi K, Shimizu T, Arai K, Nakamura Y, Fukui T, Toda T, Matsumura K, Imamura M, Takeda S, Kondo M, Sasaki J, Kurahashi H, Kano H, Misaki K, Tachikawa M, Murakami T, Sunada Y, Fujikado T, Terashima T (2003). "Fukutin is required for maintenance of muscle integrity, cortical histiogenesis and normal eye development". Hum. Mol. Genet. 12 (12): 1449–1459. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg153. PMID 12783852.
  6. ^ Toda T, Segawa M, Nomura Y, Nonaka I, Masuda K, Ishihara T, Sakai M, Tomita I, Origuchi Y, Suzuki M (November 1993). "Localization of a gene for Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy to chromosome 9q31-33". Nat. Genet. 5 (3): 283–6. doi:10.1038/ng1193-283. PMID 8275093. S2CID 21435748.
  7. ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: fukutin".
  8. ^ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 607440
  9. ^ Hayashi YK, Ogawa M, Tagawa K, Noguchi S, Ishihara T, Nonaka I, Arahata K (July 2001). "Selective deficiency of alpha-dystroglycan in Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy". Neurology. 57 (1): 115–21. doi:10.1212/wnl.57.1.115. PMID 11445638. S2CID 86733816.
  10. ^ Haro, C., Uribe, M.L., Quereda, C., Cruces, J. and Martín-Nieto, J. (2018) Expression in retinal neurons of fukutin and FKRP, the protein products of two dystroglycanopathy-causative genes. Molecular Vision 24, 43-58.
  11. ^ Murakami T, Hayashi YK, Noguchi S, et al. (November 2006). "Fukutin gene mutations cause dilated cardiomyopathy with minimal muscle weakness". Ann. Neurol. 60 (5): 597–602. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.515.1578. doi:10.1002/ana.20973. PMID 17036286.

Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.