GEM (gene)

GTP-binding protein GEM is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEM gene.

GEM
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2CJW, 2G3Y, 2HT6
Identifiers
Aliases	GEM, KIR, GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle
External IDs	OMIM: 600164; MGI: 99844; HomoloGene: 38024; GeneCards: GEM; OMA:GEM - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 8 (human) Band 8q22.1 Start 94,249,253 bp End 94,262,350 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse) Band 4 A1|4 5.34 cM Start 11,704,457 bp End 11,714,752 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in retinal pigment epithelium gallbladder tail of epididymis vena cava gastric mucosa right coronary artery ascending aorta cartilage tissue Descending thoracic aorta mucosa of urinary bladder Top expressed in ascending aorta cumulus cell aortic valve skin of external ear pineal gland neural layer of retina adrenal gland endocardial cushion spermatocyte atrioventricular valve More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding GTP binding protein binding magnesium ion binding calmodulin binding GDP binding GTPase activity calcium channel regulator activity Cellular component spindle midzone cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane plasma membrane midbody mitotic spindle nucleus membrane Biological process cell surface receptor signaling pathway metaphase plate congression chromosome organization immune response signal transduction mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2669 14579 Ensembl ENSG00000164949 ENSMUSG00000028214 UniProt P55040 P55041 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_181702 NM_005261 NM_010276 RefSeq (protein) NP_005252 NP_859053 NP_034406 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 94.25 – 94.26 Mb Chr 4: 11.7 – 11.71 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RAD/GEM family of GTP-binding proteins. It is associated with the inner face of the plasma membrane and could play a role as a regulatory protein in receptor-mediated signal transduction. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified.

Further reading

• Cohen L, Mohr R, Chen YY, et al. (1995). "Transcriptional activation of a ras-like gene (kir) by oncogenic tyrosine kinases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (26): 12448–52. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.12448. PMC 45455. PMID 7809057.
• Santoro T, Maguire J, McBride OW, et al. (1997). "Chromosomal organization and transcriptional regulation of human GEM and localization of the human and mouse GEM loci encoding an inducible Ras-like protein". Genomics. 30 (3): 558–64. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1277. PMID 8825643.
• Moyers JS, Bilan PJ, Zhu J, Kahn CR (1997). "Rad and Rad-related GTPases interact with calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (18): 11832–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.18.11832. PMID 9115241.
• Béguin P, Nagashima K, Gonoi T, et al. (2001). "Regulation of Ca2+ channel expression at the cell surface by the small G-protein kir/Gem". Nature. 411 (6838): 701–6. Bibcode:2001Natur.411..701B. doi:10.1038/35079621. PMID 11395774. S2CID 4382776.
• Aresta S, de Tand-Heim MF, Béranger F, de Gunzburg J (2003). "A novel Rho GTPase-activating-protein interacts with Gem, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases". Biochem. J. 367 (Pt 1): 57–65. doi:10.1042/BJ20020829. PMC 1222866. PMID 12093360.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
• Kelly K (2006). "The RGK family: a regulatory tail of small GTP-binding proteins". Trends Cell Biol. 15 (12): 640–3. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2005.10.002. PMID 16242932.
• Opatowsky Y, Sasson Y, Shaked I, et al. (2006). "Structure-function studies of the G-domain from human gem, a novel small G-protein". FEBS Lett. 580 (25): 5959–64. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.09.067. PMC 1934412. PMID 17052716.
• Splingard A, Ménétrey J, Perderiset M, et al. (2007). "Biochemical and structural characterization of the gem GTPase". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (3): 1905–15. doi:10.1074/jbc.M604363200. PMID 17107948.