GNGT1

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNGT1 gene. Either GNGT1 or GNGT2 is the gamma subunit (G_γ) of the G_βγ part of transducin (written G(T) or G_t), a heterotrimeric G-protein naturally expressed in vertebrate retina rod and cone cells. GNGT1 only occurs in rod cells, and GNGT2 only occurs in cone cells, with a different alpha (G_α) subunit.

GNGT1
Identifiers
Aliases	GNGT1, GNG1, G protein subunit gamma transducin 1, HG3G1
External IDs	OMIM: 189970; MGI: 109165; HomoloGene: 7738; GeneCards: GNGT1; OMA:GNGT1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human) Band 7q21.3 Start 93,591,573 bp End 93,911,265 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse) Band 6|6 A1 Start 3,993,792 bp End 3,997,436 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in retinal pigment epithelium buccal mucosa cell testicle gonad placenta paraflocculus of cerebellum amniotic fluid Epithelium of choroid plexus monocyte thymus Top expressed in neural layer of retina retinal pigment epithelium epithelium of lens pineal gland lumbar subsegment of spinal cord lumbar spinal ganglion ciliary body iris internal carotid artery external carotid artery More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding signal transducer activity GTPase activity G-protein beta-subunit binding Cellular component photoreceptor inner segment membrane photoreceptor outer segment photoreceptor disc membrane heterotrimeric G-protein complex plasma membrane G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex Biological process phototransduction protein localization cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process cellular response to hypoxia rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway eye photoreceptor cell development signal transduction G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2792 14699 Ensembl ENSG00000127928 ENSMUSG00000029663 UniProt P63211 Q61012 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021955 NM_001329426 NM_010314 RefSeq (protein) NP_001316355 NP_068774 NP_034444 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 93.59 – 93.91 Mb Chr 6: 3.99 – 4 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Further reading

• Simonds WF, Butrynski JE, Gautam N, et al. (1991). "G-protein beta gamma dimers. Membrane targeting requires subunit coexpression and intact gamma C-A-A-X domain". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (9): 5363–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67601-5. PMID 1706334.
• Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (1995). "Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (37): 21765–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765. PMID 7665596.
• Tao L, Pandey S, Simon MI, Fong HK (1993). "Structure of the bovine transducin gamma subunit gene and analysis of promoter function in transgenic mice". Exp. Eye Res. 56 (4): 497–507. doi:10.1006/exer.1993.1063. PMID 8500562.
• Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N (1996). "Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (12): 7141–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141. PMID 8636150.
• Gaudet R, Savage JR, McLaughlin JN, et al. (1999). "A molecular mechanism for the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of heterotrimeric G proteins by phosducin". Mol. Cell. 3 (5): 649–60. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80358-5. PMID 10360181.
• Xu S, Ladak R, Swanson DA, et al. (2000). "PHR1 encodes an abundant, pleckstrin homology domain-containing integral membrane protein in the photoreceptor outer segments". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (50): 35676–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.50.35676. PMID 10585447.
• Marin EP, Krishna AG, Zvyaga TA, et al. (2000). "The amino terminus of the fourth cytoplasmic loop of rhodopsin modulates rhodopsin-transducin interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (3): 1930–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.3.1930. PMID 10636894.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123.
• Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, et al. (2003). "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology". Science. 300 (5620): 767–72. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..767S. doi:10.1126/science.1083423. PMC 2882961. PMID 12690205.
• Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7". Nature. 424 (6945): 157–64. Bibcode:2003Natur.424..157H. doi:10.1038/nature01782. PMID 12853948.
• Hinrichs MV, Montecino M, Bunster M, Olate J (2005). "Mutation of the highly conserved Arg165 and Glu168 residues of human Gsalpha disrupts the alphaD-alphaE loop and enhances basal GDP/GTP exchange rate". J. Cell. Biochem. 93 (2): 409–17. doi:10.1002/jcb.20193. PMID 15368366. S2CID 85626429.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Gao X, Sadana R, Dessauer CW, Patel TB (2007). "Conditional stimulation of type V and VI adenylyl cyclases by G protein betagamma subunits". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (1): 294–302. doi:10.1074/jbc.M607522200. PMID 17110384.
• Seo M, Lee MJ, Heo JH, et al. (2007). "G Protein betagamma subunits augment UVB-induced apoptosis by stimulating the release of soluble heparin-binding epidermal growth factor from human keratinocytes". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (34): 24720–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.M702343200. PMID 17548351.

External links

• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P02698 (Bovine Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1) at the PDBe-KB.