Giantin or Golgin subfamily B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOLGB1 gene .[ 5] [ 6] [ 7] Golgi apparatus and is part of the Golgi matrix that is responsible for membrane trafficking in secretory pathway of proteins. This function is key for proper localisation of proteins at the plasma membrane and outside the cell (extracellular region) which is important for cell function that is dependent on for example receptors and the extracellular matrix function. Recent animal model knockout studies of GOLGB1 in mice ,[ 8] rat ,[ 9] zebrafish [ 10] tumoral calcinosis -like phenotype was observed, and in humans such phenotype has been linked to defective glycosyltransferase function (e.g. GALNT3 protein).[ 11]
Function and Interactions
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Giantin is a disulfide-linked homodimer which contains several (around 37) coiled-coiled domains. GOLGB1 protein has been shown to interact with ACBD3 and with PLK3 [ 12] [ 13] GM130 [ 14] primary cilia [ 15] [ 16] glycosyltransferase expression and calcineurin signalling in tissue culture cells.[ 17] [ 18]
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000173230 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034243 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ Linstedt AD, Hauri HP (Nov 1993). "Giantin, a novel conserved Golgi membrane protein containing a cytoplasmic domain of at least 350 kDa" . Mol Biol Cell . 4 (7): 679–93. doi :10.1091/mbc.4.7.679 . PMC 300978 PMID 7691276 . ^ Oka T, Ungar D, Hughson FM, Krieger M (Apr 2004). "The COG and COPI complexes interact to control the abundance of GEARs, a subset of Golgi integral membrane proteins" . Mol Biol Cell . 15 (5): 2423–35. doi :10.1091/mbc.E03-09-0699 . PMC 404034 PMID 15004235 . ^ "Entrez Gene: GOLGB1 golgi autoantigen, golgin subfamily b, macrogolgin (with transmembrane signal), 1" .^ Lan, Yu; Zhang, Nian; Liu, Han; Xu, Jingyue; Jiang, Rulang (2016-07-01). "Golgb1 regulates protein glycosylation and is crucial for mammalian palate development" . Development . 143 (13): 2344–2355. doi :10.1242/dev.134577 . ISSN 0950-1991 . PMC 4958322 PMID 27226319 . ^ Katayama, Kentaro; Sasaki, Tetsu; Goto, Syo; Ogasawara, Kei; Maru, Hiromi; Suzuki, Katsushi; Suzuki, Hiroetsu (November 2011). "Insertional mutation in the Golgb1 gene is associated with osteochondrodysplasia and systemic edema in the OCD rat" . Bone . 49 (5): 1027–1036. doi :10.1016/j.bone.2011.08.001 . PMID 21851869 . ^ Bergen, Dylan J. M.; Stevenson, Nicola L.; Skinner, Roderick E. H.; Stephens, David J.; Hammond, Christina L. (2017-08-15). "The Golgi matrix protein giantin is required for normal cilia function in zebrafish" . Biology Open . 6 (8): 1180–1189. doi :10.1242/bio.025502 . ISSN 2046-6390 . PMC 5576078 PMID 28546340 . ^ Stevenson, Nicola L.; Bergen, Dylan J. M.; Skinner, Roderick E. H.; Kague, Erika; Martin-Silverstone, Elizabeth; Robson Brown, Kate A.; Hammond, Chrissy L.; Stephens, David J. (2017-12-15). "Giantin-knockout models reveal a feedback loop between Golgi function and glycosyltransferase expression" . Journal of Cell Science . 130 (24): 4132–4143. doi :10.1242/jcs.212308 . ISSN 0021-9533 . PMC 5769581 PMID 29093022 . ^ Sohda, M; Misumi Y; Yamamoto A; Yano A; Nakamura N; Ikehara Y (Nov 2001). "Identification and characterization of a novel Golgi protein, GCP60, that interacts with the integral membrane protein giantin" . J. Biol. Chem . 276 (48): 45298–306. doi :10.1074/jbc.M108961200 ISSN 0021-9258 . PMID 11590181 . ^ Rosing, Mechthild; Ossendorf, Edith; Rak, Alexey; Barnekow, Angelika (July 2007). "Giantin interacts with both the small GTPase Rab6 and Rab1" . Experimental Cell Research . 313 (11): 2318–2325. doi :10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.03.031 . PMID 17475246 . ^ Brandon, Elizabeth; Gao, Yasheng; Garcia-Mata, Rafael; Alvarez, Cecilia; Sztul, Elizabeth (August 2003). "Membrane targeting of p115 phosphorylation mutants and their effects on Golgi integrity and secretory traffic" . European Journal of Cell Biology . 82 (8): 411–420. doi :10.1078/0171-9335-00327 . PMID 14533739 . ^ Bergen, Dylan J. M.; Stevenson, Nicola L.; Skinner, Roderick E. H.; Stephens, David J.; Hammond, Christina L. (2017-08-15). "The Golgi matrix protein giantin is required for normal cilia function in zebrafish" . Biology Open . 6 (8): 1180–1189. doi :10.1242/bio.025502 . ISSN 2046-6390 . PMC 5576078 PMID 28546340 . ^ Asante, D.; MacCarthy-Morrogh, L.; Townley, A. K.; Weiss, M. A.; Katayama, K.; Palmer, K. J.; Suzuki, H.; Westlake, C. J.; Stephens, D. J. (2013-11-15). "A role for the Golgi matrix protein giantin in ciliogenesis through control of the localization of dynein-2" . Journal of Cell Science . 126 (22): 5189–5197. doi :10.1242/jcs.131664 . ISSN 0021-9533 . PMC 3828591 PMID 24046448 . ^ Stevenson, Nicola L.; Bergen, Dylan J. M.; Skinner, Roderick E. H.; Kague, Erika; Martin-Silverstone, Elizabeth; Robson Brown, Kate A.; Hammond, Chrissy L.; Stephens, David J. (2017-12-15). "Giantin-knockout models reveal a feedback loop between Golgi function and glycosyltransferase expression" . Journal of Cell Science . 130 (24): 4132–4143. doi :10.1242/jcs.212308 . ISSN 0021-9533 . PMC 5769581 PMID 29093022 . ^ Stevenson, Nicola L.; Bergen, Dylan J. M.; Xu, Amadeus; Wyatt, Emily; Henry, Freya; McCaughey, Janine; Vuolo, Laura; Hammond, Chrissy L.; Stephens, David J. (2018-05-01). "Regulator of calcineurin-2 is a centriolar protein with a role in cilia length control" . Journal of Cell Science . 131 (9): jcs212258. doi :10.1242/jcs.212258 . ISSN 0021-9533 . PMC 5992583 PMID 29643119 .
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