GVAX is a cancer vaccine composed of whole tumor cells genetically modified to secrete the immune stimulatory cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and then irradiated to prevent further cell division. The product exists as both autologous (patient specific) and allogeneic (non-patient specific) therapy.[1]
History
editGVAX was developed around 1993 by Glenn Dranoff, a cancer researcher then at the Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[2] The therapy was initially developed by a public gene therapy company called Somatix, which was acquired in 1997 by Cell Genesys.[3] That company took the vaccine into Phase III trials in 2004 however these trials were halted in 2008 due to an apparent lack of efficacy.[4] Cell Genesys continued development, however in August 2009, due to funding difficulties, the company announced that it was merging with BioSante Pharmaceuticals.[5] In 2013 BioSante sold the GVAx program to Aduro Biotech, a company based in Berkeley, California.[6] In 2020 Aduro Biotech merged with Chinook Therapeutics, Inc. to form Chinook Therapeutics.[7]
Current development
editAduro Biotech is currently in Phase II with GVAX in pancreatic cancer, where the company is also trialing a combination of GVAX with a PD-1 inhibitor.[8]
References
edit- ^ Hege KM, Jooss K, Pardoll D (September 2006). "GM-CSF gene-modifed [sic] cancer cell immunotherapies: of mice and men". Int Rev Immunol. 25 (5–6): 321–352. doi:10.1080/08830180600992498. PMID 17169779. S2CID 24954445.
- ^ Dranoff, Glenn (15 April 1993). "Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 90 (8): 3539–43. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.3539D. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.8.3539. PMC 46336. PMID 8097319.
- ^ "Cell Genesys to Buy Somatix Therapy". Los Angeles Times. 14 January 1997.
- ^ "Cell Genesys Halts VITAL-2 GVAX Trial in Advanced Prostate Cancer". Business Wire. 27 August 2008.
- ^ Carroll, John (10 August 2009). "BioSante, Cell Genesys merger will provide cash for Phase III". Fierce Biotech. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- ^ "Aduro announces acquisition of GVAX assets from BioSante". Aduro Biotech. 4 February 2013. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- ^ "Chinook Therapeutics Closes Merger with Aduro Biotech and Completes $115 Million Private Placement Financing | Chinook Therapeutics, Inc". investors.chinooktx.com. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ "Aduro Biotech pipeline". Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.