In French cuisine, galantine (French: [galɑ̃tin]) is a dish of boned, stuffed meat, most commonly poultry or fish, that is usually poached and served cold, often coated with aspic. Galantines are often stuffed with forcemeat, and pressed into a cylindrical shape. Since boning poultry can be difficult and time-consuming for the novice, this is a rather elaborate dish, which is often lavishly decorated, hence its name, connoting a presentation at table that is galant, or urbane and sophisticated. In the later nineteenth century the technique's origin was already attributed to the chef of the marquis de Brancas.[1]
In the Middle Ages, the term galauntine or galantyne, perhaps with the same connotations of gallantry,[2] referred instead to any of several sauces made from powdered galangal root, usually made from bread crumbs with other ingredients, such as powdered cinnamon, strained and seasoned with salt and pepper. The dish was sometimes boiled or simmered before or after straining, and sometimes left uncooked,[3] depending on the recipe. Surviving recipes indicate that the sauce may have complemented fish, eels,[4][5][6] geese, and venison.[7] Galantine also appears in Geoffrey Chaucer's "To Rosamond", parodying extravagant declarations of courtly love:
Was nevere pik walwed in galauntine |
No pike ever wallow'd in galantine |
During the Siege of Leningrad in 1941–1942, the authorities created galantine from 2,000 tons of mutton guts that had been found in the seaport, and later, calfskin, to feed the starving residents of Leningrad.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ As in A. Kettner (pseudonym of Eneas Sweetland Dallas), Kettner's Book of the Table: A Manual of Cookery, 1877. Louis, marquis de Brancas, prince de Nisaro (1672–1750), had been governor of Provence and French ambassador to Spain; at the end of the Ancien Régime his son held the sinecure of governor of Nantes (État militaire de France pour l'année 1789).
- ^ Galantyne was a suitable name for a spirited horse mentioned in Sir William St Loe's accounts 1559–60 (Mary S. Lovell, Bess of Hardwick, Empire Builder 2005:144, note 3).
- ^ Austin, Thomas Austin, Two fifteenth-century cookery-books. London: Oxford University Press, 1964. Pp. 77–78, HARLEIAN MS. 4016, ca. 1450CE
- ^ Thomas Austin, ed. (1964) [1450]. Two fifteenth-century cookery-books (in Middle English). OCLC 40718335. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
- ^ "Easy Medieval Sauces" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
- ^ A Newe Boke of Olde Cokery
- ^ Ivan Day. "Venison in Collops". Historic Food. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ "To Rosamond" in the Norton Anthology: Chaucer. Archived 2006-11-09 at the Wayback Machine