The Runestone of Galteland (N 184) is a runestone from the beginning of the 11th century CE, coming from Evje in the commune of Evje og Hornnes in southern Norway. Its name refers to the Galteland garden, where it was located for some time.[1] It commemorates the expedition of the Danish king Canute the Great to England in 1015–16.[2] It also contains one of the first references to the Christian faith in Norway.[1][3]
| The Galteland Runestone | |
|---|---|
| Galtelandssteinen | |
 Runic inscription that stands at the Historical Museum, in Oslo; King Canute the Great attacked England in 1015. | |
| Writing | Futhark |
| Created | 11th century |
| Discovered | 1594 Gimodam, Evje, Evje parish, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway 58°34′50.520″N 7°47′15.216″E / 58.58070000°N 7.78756000°E |
| Discovered by | Thomas C. Wegner |
| Present location | Galteland, Norway |
| Culture | Viking Age |
| Rundata ID | N 184 |
| Text – Native | |
| Old Norse: Arnsteinn reisti stein þenna eptir Bjór, son sinn. Sá varð dauðr í liði, þá's Knútr sótti England. Einn er Guð. | |
| Translation | |
| English: "Arnstein erected this stone after Björn, his son. He died in the army when Canute attacked England. God is one." | |
The inscription
editarn[stin]
Arnsteinn
'
risti
reisti
'
stin
stein
×
þi[na]
þenna
'
iftir
eptir
'
bior
Bjór,
'
[s]un
son
'
sin
sinn.
•
[sa
Sá
'
uar]
varð
tuþr
dauðr
'
i
í
liþi
liði,
'
þ[(o)s
Þá's
'
knutr
Knútr
soti
sóðti
'
iklot]
England.
•
in
Einn
'
is
er
'
ko[þ]
Guð.
Arnstein erected this stone after Bjor, his son. He died in the army when Canute attacked England. God is one.
Bjor died during Knut's campaign in the England in 1015–16. The name Arnstein is also found on Uppland runic inscriptions 1069.
References
edit- ^ a b "Kopi av runestein (Galtelandssteinen)" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 2014-03-22. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
- ^ N 184 (in Swedish). Retrieved 2014-10-15.
- ^ Elias Wessén, Sven B.F. Jansson (1953–1958). Sweden's runic inscriptions. Volume 9, Uppland's runic inscriptions, part 4 (PDF) (in Swedish). Stockholm: KVHAA.
Sources
editBiography
edit- Sawyer, Birgit (1993). Medieval Scandinavia: from conversion to Reformation, circa 800~1500. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-1738-4. OCLC 27814729.
- Spurkland, Terje (2005). Norwegian runes and runic inscriptions. Boydell Press. ISBN 1-84383-186-4. OCLC 62465461.