Garcinia dulcis is a tropical fruit tree native to the Philippines, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and the Maluku Islands), and Papua New Guinea. It was domesticated early and spread inland into mainland Asia.[1][2][3] It is commonly known as mundu or munu in Indonesia and Malaysia,[1] baniti or taklang-anak in the Philippines,[4][5][6] and maphuut or ma phut in Thailand.[5][7] In English, it is sometimes known as yellow mangosteen,[8] although that name is used for several other species as well.
| Garcinia dulcis | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Clusiaceae |
| Genus: | Garcinia |
| Species: | G. dulcis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz
| |
The tree is harvested from the wild as a local source of food, medicine or dyeing material and is sometimes cultivated for its fruit, which is occasionally sold locally. Garcinia dulcis is not grown commercially.
Description
editGarcinia dulcis is an evergreen tree with horizontal branches and a dense, pyramidal crown. It can grow up to 15 metres tall and has a short, straight trunk, which can develop to a size of 30 cm in diameter. The tree grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range of 22–30 °C and is well adapted to shade and humid conditions. Flowering usually occurs twice a year after long periods of drought.[7]
Uses
editThe orange coloured fruits can be eaten fresh; they contain a sour, juicy pulp, which can be preserved into jam. Green dye can be obtained from the bark, when mixed with indigo it gives a brown colour which is used to dye mats. From the unripe fruits a yellow dye, called gamboge, can be extracted, but is considered inferior to other dyes from members of the same genus like Garcinia xanthochymus. Garcinia dulcis also has medicinal purposes; it can be used for the treatment of wounds or scurvy.[7] Testing on rats has indicated that the fruit's rind could have use as a treatment for metabolic syndrome.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Blench, Roger (2008). "A History of Fruits in the Southeast Asian Mainland". In Osada, Toshiki; Uesugi, Akinori (eds.). Occasional Paper 4: Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human Past. Indus Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature. pp. 115–137.
- ^ "Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2019-01-27
- ^ "Garcinia dulcis specimens". Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2015-02-06.
- ^ Schneider, Edwin Emil (1916). Commercial Woods of the Philippines: Their Preparation and Uses. Bureau of Printing. pp. 160–161.
- ^ a b "Garcinia dulcis (PROSEA)". Pl@ntUse. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ "Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz". Globinmed. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ a b c "Garcinia dulcis". Useful Tropical Plants Database. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
- ^ a b John, Oliver D.; Mouatt, Peter; Majzoub, Marwan E.; Thomas, Torsten; Panchal, Sunil K.; Brown, Lindsay (31 December 2019). "Physiological and Metabolic Effects of Yellow Mangosteen (Garcinia dulcis) Rind in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21 (1): 272. doi:10.3390/ijms21010272. hdl:10072/412303.
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