Garra andruzzii, a species of cyprinid fish, formerly the only species of the genus Phreatichthys, and is endemic to Somalia.[1] This cave-adapted fish is whitish (not pigmented) and blind. It has no scales.[2] It is considered to have evolved in the cave environment for some two million years.[3] Its former generic name derives from the Greek words phreasatos for spring, and ichthys for fish. It grows to a maximum length of 6.2 cm (2.4 in).[4]
| Garra andruzzii | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | Garra |
| Species: | G. andruzzii
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| Binomial name | |
| Garra andruzzii (Vinciguerra, 1924)
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| Synonyms | |
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Phreatichthys andruzzii | |
This fish is the first animal discovered that does not adjust its biological clock with the light of the sun. It has an unusual internal clock, which measures the passage of time with an extremely long period (up to 47 hours). It is also completely blind to all light stimuli.[5][6]
Two other cavefish species are found in Somalia: the cyprinid Barbopsis devecchi and the catfish Uegitglanis zammaranoi.[7]
References
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- ^ a b Getahun, A. (2010). "Phreatichthys andruzzii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T40703A10352666. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T40703A10352666.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Battison, Leila (10 September 2011). "Fish living in dark caves still feel the rhythm of life". BBC News. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
- ^ Gough, Zoe. "Blind cavefish are able to 'count'". BBC. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Garra andruzzii". FishBase. July 2024 version.
- ^ University of Ferrara. "Orologi biologici in un pesce cieco". Le Scienze Web. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ Cavallari, N.; Frigato, E.; Vallone, D.; Fröhlich, N.; Lopez-Olmeda, J. F.; Foà, A.; Berti R.; Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J.; Bertolucci, C.; Foulkes, N. S. (2011). "A Blind Circadian Clock in Cavefish Reveals that Opsins Mediate Peripheral Clock Photoreception". PLOS Biology. 9 (9): e1001142. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001142. PMC 3167789. PMID 21909239.
- ^ Romero, A., ed. (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. Springer. ISBN 978-1402000768.
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