Gastria Castle (Greek: Κάστρο της Γαστριάς Turkish: Gastria Kalesi) is a ruined castle in Northern Cyprus. It is first mentioned in 1210 as a Knights Templar fortress. It was dismantled in 1279 by Hugh III of Cyprus. It passed into the possession of the Knights Hospitaller in 1308, falling into obscurity afterwards.
| Gastria Castle | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Medieval |
| Country | de jure  Cyprusde facto  Northern Cyprus |
History
editThe castle was situated on the northern side of Famagusta Bay, 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) to the south-west of Gastria village. In 1191, Cyprus was taken by Richard the Lionheart during his campaign against the island's ruler Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus. Richard subsequently sold the island to the Knights Templar, whose rule abruptly ended after a major revolt in Nicosia. Cyprus was then resold to Guy of Lusignan of the House of Lusignan. Gastria Castle is first mentioned in 1210, when the royal regent Walter of Montbéliard sought refuge in the fortress with his allies the Templars.[1] He had previously refused to render an account of his administration of the royal treasury to the newly crowned Hugh I of Cyprus, subsequently fleeing to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. A period of peace ended with the death of Hugh in 1218.[2][3]
A struggle over who should act as the kingdom's regent ensued, pitting the House of Ibelin with the local supporters of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. Frederick's arrival in Limassol in 1228 escalated the conflict into an open war. In 1229, John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut returned to Cyprus through Gastria's port. In 1232, after a defeat at the Battle of Agridi, Frederick's few remaining supporters requested permission to hide in Gastria. Having fought Frederick at Acre in 1229 the Templars refused and those who attempted to hide in the ditch were apprehended. Afterwards, the Lusignans continued their reign interrupted only by occasional palace coups.[4][5] In 1279, Hugh III of Cyprus dismantled the castle and expelled the Templars, after the latter declared their support for Charles I of Naples. In 1308, the castle was granted to the Knights Hospitaller. In 1310, Henry II of Jerusalem passed through Gastria while en route to his exile to Armenia. It was no longer mentioned as a castle from that point on.[6] [7]
Architecture
editGastria was a small rectangular fort located at the end of a long narrow ridge. It was separated from the ridge by a rock-cut ditch 7.9–4.5 metres (26–15 ft) wide and 2–2.6 metres (6.6–8.5 ft) deep. The ditch was once crossed by a drawbridge or a wooden bridge. True to the characteristics of small Templar fortresses, Gastria had no towers. The center of the fort housed a circular cistern. To the east a natural vantage point in the form of a rocky outcrop overlooking both the sea and the fort bears signs that it was once occupied. The outcrop was once separated from the fort by a channel that is now filled in. To the north of the fort, the outcrop and the isthmus, is a watercourse that served as a harbor.[6][7]
Footnotes
edit- ^ Petre 2010, pp. 205–207.
- ^ Furber 1969, p. 605.
- ^ Edbury 1991, p. 44.
- ^ Petre 2010, pp. 120–123, 126.
- ^ Morelle 2014, pp. 293–295.
- ^ a b Petre 2010, pp. 203–205.
- ^ a b Molin 1995, pp. 225–226.
References
edit- Edbury, Peter W. (1991). The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-26876-1.
- Furber, Elizabeth Chapin (1969). "The Kingdom of Cyprus, 1191-1291". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189-1311. The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 599–629. ISBN 0-299-04844-6.
- Molin, Bengt Kristian (1995). "The Role of Castles in the Political and Military History of Crusader States and the Levant 1187 to 1380" (PDF). Leeds University Thesis. Leeds University: 1–448. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- Morelle, Nicolas (2014). "The Castle of Kantara - a key to the evolution of active defense in the 13th century between the Eastern and the Western Worlds". The Castle Studies Group Journal. Castle Studies Group: 292–318. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- Petre, James (2010). "Crusader Castles of Cyprus: The Fortifications of Cyprus Under the Lusignans 1191– 1489" (PDF). University of Cardiff Thesis. University of Cardiff: 1–413. Retrieved 8 May 2017.