China-Russia Friendship Association
The China-Russia Friendship Association (CRAFA, Chinese: 中国俄罗斯友好协会), affiliated with the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, is an official civil diplomatic organization established by the Government of the People's Republic of China.[1] It is an official civil diplomatic organization established by the Government of the People's Republic of China between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation. Its predecessor was the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association/China-Soviet Union Friendship Association, founded on October 5, 1949, or CRAFA for short.[2]
History
editChina-Soviet Union Friendship Association
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Before the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Communist regime of China held the launching meeting of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association in Huairen Hall, Zhongnanhai, Beiping. According to the constitution of the association, the first "leadership core" was elected by the inaugural meeting, with Liu Shaoqi as president, Song Qingling, Wu Yuzhang, Shen Junru, Li Jishen, Guo Moruo, Zhang Lan and Huang Yanpei as vice-presidents, and the director-general, Qian Junrui, designated as the director-general. By April 1950, the Association had established branches in most provinces of China. By October 1952, the Association had become the largest mass organization in China at that time, with a membership of 38.9 million, and by the beginning of 1953, the Association had more than 68 million members.[3]
In the mid-to-late 1950s, the Association was also affected by the Sino-Soviet split, and in February 1960, the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party handed over the General Party Group of the Association to the Foreign Affairs Office of the State Council. In August 1960, the Foreign Affairs Office of the State Council transferred the General Committee of the Association to the State Committee for Liaison with Foreign Cultures, which was renamed the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Cultures (the predecessor of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries) and co-located with the General Committee of the Association in 1965, and on September 17, 1966, the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association was merged into the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries. On September 17, 1966, the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association was renamed the Sino-Soviet People's Friendship Association under CPAFFC framework.[4]
During the Cultural Revolution, the General Association was dissolved on its own. After the establishment of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, the Association became one of its sub-groups and no longer retained its local organization, and in 1983 it resumed the exchange of visits with the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association. In 1984, the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association elected a new president, Qu Wu, vice-chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic Revolutionary Party.[5]
China-Russia Friendship Association
editAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, it was renamed the China-Russia Friendship Association. On October 28, 2009, a conference celebrating the 60th anniversary of the China-Russia Friendship Association was held at the Moscow Institute of International Relations.[6]
On March 18, 2011, the Fifth Council of the China-Russia Friendship Association was held in Beijing.[7]
See also
editReference
edit- ^ Lukin, A. (2018). China and Russia: The New Rapprochement. Polity Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-5095-2174-6. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ^ Wang, P. (2016). China's Governance: Across Vertical and Horizontal Connexions. SpringerBriefs in Political Science. Springer International Publishing. p. 58. ISBN 978-3-319-45913-4. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ^ Pumphrey, C.W.; Triangle Institute for Security Studies (2002). The Rise of China in Asia: Security Implications. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-58487-082-1. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ^ Pringsheim, K.H. (1959). The Sino-Soviet Friendship Association (October 1949 - October 1951). Columbia University. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ^ Mackerras, C.; Yorke, A. (1991). The Cambridge Handbook of Contemporary China. Cambridge University Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-521-38755-2. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ^ "中俄友好协会在莫斯科共庆成立六十周年". 中国新闻网_梳理天下新闻 (in Chinese). 2009-10-29. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ^ "中国俄罗斯友好协会18日在北京召开第五届理事会". 中国政府网_中央人民政府门户网站 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-06-02.