Geographical Indications in Singapore are a form of intellectual property consisting of an "indication used in trade to identify goods as originating from a place", provided that "a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the goods is essentially attributable to that place".[1] Geographical indications originating from any member of the Paris Convention or the WTO can be registered. As of August 2021, 142 Indications have been registered.[2] Geographical indications are registered for a renewable term of 10 years.
Legal basis
editGeographical indications can be registered based on the Geographical Indications Act 2014[1] and the Geographical Indications Rules 2019.[3] The Act replaced the Geographical Indications Act and introduced the registration system. The legislation was aimed at providing protection according to the minimum standards in the TRIPS agreement and to implement a registration system according to the requirements set in the European Union–Singapore Free Trade Agreement.[4] The act entered into force on 1st April 2019.[1]
Registered Geographical Indications
editAs of August 2021, 166 Geographical Indications had been registered, none of which originating from Singapore. As Singapore had committed to protection of 100 EU Geographical Indications, the majority stems from EU countries. The breakdown by country of origin is shown below:
| Country | Number of registrations | Date of first registration | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 5 | 2019 | Tiroler Speck |
| Belgium | 1 | 2019 | Korn/Kornbrand (with Austria and Germany) |
| Cyprus | 4 | 2019 | Ούζο/Ouzo (with Greece) |
| Czech Republic | 3 | 2019 | České pivo |
| Denmark | 1 | 2019 | Danablu |
| Finland | 2 | 2019 | Suomalainen Vodka/Finsk Vodka/Vodka of Finland |
| France | 43 | 2019 | Roquefort |
| Germany | 9 | 2019 | Lübecker Marzipan |
| Greece | 5 | 2019 | Φέτα/Feta |
| Hungary | 4 | 2019 | Pálinka |
| Ireland | 2 | 2019 | Irish cream |
| Italy | 44 | 2019 | Gorgonzola |
| Japan | 1 | 2020 | 市田柿/Ichida Gaki/Ichida Kaki |
| Poland | 1 | 2019 | Polska Wódka/Polish Vodka |
| Portugal | 6 | 2019 | Douro |
| Romania | 3 | 2019 | Dealu Mare |
| Spain | 31 | 2019 | Rioja |
| Sweden | 2 | 2019 | Svensk Vodka/Swedish Vodka |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 2019 | Irish Whiskey/Uisce Beatha Eireannach/Irish Whisky (with Ireland) |
As of August 2023, one Geographical Indication application is still pending, as a result of opposition proceedings: Prosecco (initiated by Australian Grape and Wine Incorporated).[2]
Types
editAccording to the Schedule to the act, 14 food categories are distinguished:
- Wines
- Spirits
- Beers
- Cheese
- Meat and meat products
- Seafood
- Edible oils
- Non-edible oils
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Spices and condiments
- Confectionery and baked goods
- Flowers and parts of flowers
- Natural gum
References
edit- ^ a b c "Geographical Indications Act 2014 (No. 19 of 2014)". Singapore Statutes Online. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ a b c "Public Search and Enquiry/eAlert". IP2SG. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ "Geographical Indications Act 2014 (act 19 of 2014) Geographical Indications Rules 2019". Singapore Statutes Online. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
- ^ "Geographical indications bill. Bill No 13.2014" (PDF). Parliament of Singapore. Retrieved 30 August 2021.