Georg Herbert Fürst[1][2] zu Münster von Derneburg (23 December 1820 – 28 March 1902),[3][4] also known by his earlier title of Count of Münster-Ledenburg, was a Hanoverian and later German diplomat and politician. He served as ambassador to London 1873–1885[2] and Paris (1885–1900).
Georg Herbert Münster Prince of Münster Count of Münster-Ledenburg | |
|---|---|
 | |
| German Ambassador to France | |
| In office 1885–1900 | |
| Preceded by | Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst |
| Succeeded by | Hugo von Radolin |
| German Ambassador to the Court of St. James | |
| In office 1873–1885 | |
| Appointed by | Otto von Bismarck |
| Preceded by | Albrecht von Bernstorff |
| Succeeded by | Paul von Hatzfeldt |
| Hanoverian Minister in Saint Petersburg | |
| In office 1857–1865 | |
| Preceded by | Alexander Thal |
| Succeeded by | Victor von Alten |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Georg Herbert zu Münster 23 December 1820 London, England |
| Died | 28 March 1902 (aged 81) Hanover |
| Spouse(s) |
Alexandra, Princess Dolgorukova
(after 1847)Lady Elizabeth St Clair-Erskine
(after 1865) |
| Children | Alexander Münster |
| Parent(s) | Ernst zu Münster Wilhelmine Charlotte von Lippe-Alverdissen |
| Alma mater | University of Bonn University of Heidelberg University of Göttingen |
| Awards | Order of the Black Eagle |
Early life and education
editMünster was born in London, where his father, Count Ernst zu Münster, was the Hanoverian Minister at the Court of King George IV. His mother was Countess Wilhelmine Charlotte von Lippe-Alverdissen, Countess zu Münster (a daughter of Philip II, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe and Landgravine Juliane of Hesse-Philippsthal). Among his maternal family was uncle George William, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (and his wife Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont). His paternal grandparents were Count Georg von Münster zu Surenburg and Eleonore von Grothaus (the eldest daughter of the general Ernst Philipp von Grothaus). His grandfather was known for collecting fossils in the Muschelkalk around the town of Bayreuth in Bavaria for more than 25 years.[5]
He studied law at the universities of Bonn, Heidelberg, and Göttingen. At 18, he inherited the family's considerable estate and hereditary seat in the Hanoverian parliament, the Estates Assembly of the Kingdom of Hanover.[3] He also followed his father into the Hanoverian diplomatic service.[4]
Career
editFrom his father, Münster inherited strong Guelph sympathies and conservative viewpoints.[3][4] During the German revolutions of 1848–49, he opposed reforms and the abolition of privileges for the nobility, and he voted against giving the Hanoverian National Assembly to right to pass laws for Hanover.[3] During the early years of his own career, these family traditions kept him closely attached to the Hanoverian dynasty. Prom 1856–64, he was the Hanoverian Minister in Saint Petersburg, the same post his father had held 50 years prior.[4] In 1866, Münster tried and failed via diplomatic channels to bring understanding between Hanover and Prussia, and the latter annexed the former as a result of the Austro-Prussian War.[4]
His subsequent rise in the Prussian diplomatic service was met with reproach by the Guelphs, but Münster was convinced that Germany could only be saved by strong Prussian leadership. "My conception of a true Hanoverian," he wrote, "is that he must be first of all a German." Münster represented the town of Goslar in the Reichstag from 1867–73, when he was appointed by Otto von Bismarck to succeed Albrecht von Bernstorffat the Court of St James's.[4]
Münster spent the next 28 years in London and Paris, and Münster contributed substantially to smoothing over many minor conflicts between France and Germany. He represented the German Empire at the 1889 Hague Convention, after which he received the title of Prince.[6] In 1900, he was awarded the Order of the Black Eagle. In December 1901, he retired to his villa in Hanover.[4]
Personal life
editMünster was twice married.[4] In 1847, he married Alexandra, Dowager Princess Dolgorukova (1823–1884), widow of Dmitry Nikolaevich Dolgorukov; née Princess Golitsyn, daughter of Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1793–1856) and Princess Maria Arkadievna Souvorov-Rimnisky. They were the parents of:[3]
- Countess Sophie Helene Thusnelde Wilhelmine zu Münster (1851–1933), who married Baron Konrad von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg, cousin of the famous statist Paul von Hindenburg.
- Prince Ernst Adolf zu Münster von Grothaus (1856–1905), who married Princess Melanie Ghika de Dezsanfalva.
- Count Alexander Otto Hugo Wladimir zu Münster (1858–1922), who married Lady Muriel Henrietta Constance Hay (1863–1927), the youngest daughter of George Hay-Drummond, 12th Earl of Kinnoull, in 1890.
On 22 August 1865, he married secondly to Lady Elizabeth St Clair-Erskine at Dysart House. Lady Elizabeth was the only daughter of James St Clair-Erskine, 3rd Earl of Rosslyn and his wife, the former Frances Wemyss.[7]
Prince Münster died on 28 March 1902 in Hanover.[4]
Honours and awards
editHe received the following orders and decorations:[8]
Kingdom of Prussia:
- Knight of the Prussian Crown, 1st Class with Enamel Band of the Red Eagle, 18 January 1877[9]
- Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, 31 October 1885[9]
- Knight of the Black Eagle, with Collar, 1900
Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order
France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Kingdom of Hanover: Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order, 1st Class
Lippe: Cross of Honour of the House Order of Lippe, 1st Class
Mecklenburg: Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Golden Crown
Persian Empire: Order of the Lion and the Sun, 1st Class
Kingdom of Portugal: Grand Cross of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa
Russian Empire: Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon
Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown
References
edit- ^ Regarding personal names: Fürst is a title, translated as 'Prince', not a first or middle name. The feminine form is Fürstin.{{efn|Regarding personal names: Until 1919, Graf was a title, translated as 'Count', not a first or middle name. The female form is Gräfin. In Germany, it has formed part of family names since 1919.. His title was given as "The Count Munster" in the official British Government translations from the French of the treaties he signed at the Congress of Vienna (see for example Treaty between Prussia and Hanover, 29 May 1815).}
- ^ a b "Prince von Munster". Kalgoorlie Miner, 9 October 1899, p. 2. Retrieved from Trove, 2 September 2017.
- ^ a b c d e "Münster von Derneburg, Georg Fürst". Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German). 18: 535–537. 1997. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Death of Prince Münster". The Times. 31 March 1902. p. 8.
- ^ Rieppel, Olivier (2019). Mesozoic Sea Dragons: Triassic Marine Life from the Ancient Tropical Lagoon of Monte San Giorgio. Indiana University Press. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-253-04013-8. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "PRINCE MUENSTER RESIGNS.; Gives Up German Ambassadorship at Paris on Account of His Great Age". The New York Times. 29 November 1900. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "Rosslyn, Earl of (UK, 1801)". www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Heraldic Media Limited. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ Handbuch über den Königlich Preußischen Hof und Staat fur das jahr 1899, p. 69
- ^ a b "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), 1, Berlin: 554, 936, 1877 – via hathitrust.org
External links
edit
- Count Georg Herbert zu Münster (1820-1902), German Ambassador at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- Münster-Ledenburg, Georg Herbert Graf zu|, seit 1899 Fürst M. von Derneburg at Deutsche Biographie (in German)