George Chaloupka

George Jiří Chaloupka OAM, FAHA (6 September 1932 – 18 October 2011) was an expert on Indigenous Australian rock art. He identified and documented thousands of rock art sites, and was a passionate advocate for Aboriginal Australian art, as longest continuing art tradition in the world. He is especially known for the much-debated assignation of a four-phase style sequence to rock art in Arnhem Land, and the term "Dynamic Figures", which he assigned to rock art described by him in Mirrar country of western Arnhem Land.

Early life

Chaloupka was born in Týniště nad Orlicí, Czechoslovakia. At the age of 17 he left the country, fleeing the communist regime. Arriving in Australia in 1950^[1] as a refugee, he stayed for a number of years in Perth.

In 1956, with his Noongar wife Janet, son Roman, older brother Milo, Janet's sister Maureen (married to Milo) and nephew Milani, the family set out for the Melbourne Olympics, travelling via Darwin in the Northern Territory, where they ended up staying after numerous car breakdowns. George and Janet went on to have two daughters, Eve and Pearl.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Deciding to stay in the Northern Territory, he found employment with the Water Resources Department. Working for the government as a hydrologist, he travelled widely across the Top End.^[2] It was in 1958 that he found the rock art galleries in the east of the territory. Chaloupka gazed at the ceiling of a cave covered with art "and his heart was lost".^[3]

Chaloupka joined the Northern Territory Museum, the main museum in the Northern Territory, in 1973, to begin his life's work as a rock art researcher. He worked there for over two decades.^[4] He developed his career to become a well-known rock art historian and finally Curator Emeritus at the museum.^[5]

In 1986, Chaloupka was a recipient of a grant from the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, of which he was a member. He examined the protection and conservation of rock art of the Wardaman people at a site at Malgawo, East Arnhem Land.^[6]

His 1993 work, Journey in Time: The World's Longest Continuing Art Tradition: the 50,000 Year Story of the Australian Aboriginal Rock Art of Arnhem Land,^[2] was especially influential in creating awareness of the importance of Aboriginal rock art in Australia as well as internationally. In this work he worked with a collaborated with Nipper Kabirriki who became a long term friend of his.^[7]^[8] In it, Chaloupka wrote detailed investigations of the "Dynamic Figures" rock art of the Mirrar people, a clan of the Bininj people. Here he tried to describe a chronological sequence of styles to the art within this style, describing four phases of the style. Although the classification proved problematical and continues to be debated, it was a significant piece of work in that it identified important attributes of the style, and provided a basis for similar studies in the future.^[9] Paul Taçon refers to them in the study led by him on the Maliwawa Figures, published in 2020.^[10]^[11]

Recognition and honours

Churchill Fellowship, 1983^[12]
Visiting fellow at the Department of Prehistory in the Research School of Pacific Studies at the Australian National University^[2]
Inaugural President of the Australian Rock Art Research Association, presiding over the First AURA Congress, 1988^[12]
Order of Australia, 1990^[12]
Honorary Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, 1997^[12]

Death and legacy

Chaloupka died in the Royal Darwin Hospital.^[13] A state funeral was held on 4 November 2011, with an Aboriginal smoking ceremony held as part of the funeral.^[14]

In 2008 the George Chaloupka Fellowship was established "to promote and support research and conservation of Aboriginal rock art located in Arnhem Land Plateau region in the Northern Territory of Australia".^[15]^[16]

Selected works

Burrunguy: Nourlangie rock. Northart, 1982

The Rock art sites of Kakadu National Park : some preliminary research findings for their conservation and management, Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra. (with Dan Gillespie & Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service) 1983

From palaeoart to casual paintings: the chronological sequence of Arnhem Land Plateau rock art, Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences, Darwin. (with Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences) 1984

Chronological sequence of Arnhem Land Plateau rock art. In: Jones, R. Archaeological research in Kakadu National Park. Canberra : Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, 269-80. 1985

Report on acquital [sic] of 1986 grants, Rock Art Protection Programme, Darwin , 1987
'Rock art of the Northern Territory' The Inspired Dream: Life as Art in Aboriginal Australia, no. 1988, pp. 12–19,110. 1988

Retouch events. In: Retouch: maintenance and conservation of Aboriginal rock imagery / edited by Graeme K. Ward. Melbourne : Archaeological Publications , 1992; p. 12–16. 1992
Journey in Time: The World's Longest Continuing Art Tradition: the 50,000 Year Story of the Australian Aboriginal Rock Art of Arnhem Land. Reed. 1993. ISBN 978-0-7301-0310-3.

References

^ Chaloupka, George 1993, Journey in time : the worlds longest continuing art tradition : the 50,000-year story of the Australian Aboriginal rock art of Arnhem Land, Reed, Chatswood, N.S.W
^ ^a ^b ^c Chaloupka, George (1993). Journey in Time: The World's Longest Continuing Art Tradition: the 50,000 Year Story of the Australian Aboriginal Rock Art of Arnhem Land. Reed. ISBN 978-0-7301-0310-3. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
^ Rothwell, Nicolas (20 October 2011). "Rock art pioneer in exile". The Australian. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011.
^ NT rock art expert George Chaloupka dies (dead url)
^ $25,000 George Chaloupka Scholarship Archived 22 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ Chaloupka, George 1987, Report on acquital [sic] of 1986 grants, Rock Art Protection Programme, Darwin , 1987
^ Levitus, Robert, "Nipper Kabirriki (c. 1910–1987)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 22 April 2024
^ Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory (4 August 2016). "Condolence motion: Dr George Chaloupka OAM". parliament.nt.gov.au. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
^ Johnston, Iain G.; Goldhahn, Joakim; May, Sally K. (2017). "6. Dynamic Figures of Mirarr Country: Chaloupka's four-phase theory and the question of variability within a rock art style". In David, Bruno; Taçon, Paul S.C.; et al. (eds.). The Archaeology of Rock Art in Western Arnhem Land, Australia. Terra Australis, 47. ISBN 9781760461621. Retrieved 4 October 2020 – via ANU.
^ S.C.Taçon, Paul; May, Sally K. (30 September 2020). "Introducing the Maliwawa Figures: a previously undescribed rock art style found in Western Arnhem Land". The Conversation. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
^ Taçon, Paul S. C.; May, Sally K.; et al. (30 September 2020). "Maliwawa figures—a previously undescribed Arnhem L and rock art style". Australian Archaeology. 86 (3). Informa UK Limited: 208–225. doi:10.1080/03122417.2020.1818361. ISSN 0312-2417 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Smith, Mike (2012). "George Chaloupka, 1932-2011" (PDF). In the Australian Academy of Humanities Annual Report 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
^ Hind, Rick (18 October 2011). "Rock of NT Aboriginal art exploration dies". ABC News. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
^ Murdoch, Michael; Rawlinson, Clare (4 November 2011). "Farewells for rock art expert at state funeral". ABC News. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
^ MAGNT honours George Chaloupka
^ "George Chaloupka Fellowship - Museums and Art Galleries - Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport". Archived from the original on 21 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.