George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham, KG, KP, PC (17 June 1753 – 11 February 1813), known as George Grenville before 1779 and as The Earl Temple between 1779 and 1784, was a British statesman.
The Marquess of Buckingham | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Thomas Gainsborough | |
| Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 19 December 1783 – 23 December 1783 | |
| Monarch | George III |
| Prime Minister | William Pitt |
| Preceded by | Charles James Fox |
| Succeeded by | Marquess of Carmarthen |
| Lord Lieutenant of Ireland | |
| In office 27 October 1787 – 24 October 1789 | |
| Monarch | George III |
| Prime Minister | William Pitt |
| Preceded by | The Duke of Rutland |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Westmorland |
| In office 15 August 1782 – 3 May 1783 | |
| Monarch | George III |
| Prime Minister | The Earl of Shelburne The Duke of Portland |
| Preceded by | The Duke of Portland |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Northington |
| Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire | |
| In office 1774–1779 | |
| Preceded by | Richard Lowndes |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Grenville |
| Personal details | |
| Born | George Grenville 17 June 1753 |
| Died | 11 February 1813 (aged 59) Stowe, Buckinghamshire, England |
| Resting place | Wotton Underwood, Buckinghamshire, England |
| Spouse |
Hon. Mary Nugent
(m. 1775; died 1812) |
| Children | |
| Parents | |
| Relatives |
|
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation | Statesman |
Background and early life
editGrenville was the eldest son of George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain, and his wife, the former Elizabeth Wyndham, daughter of Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet. He was the nephew of Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple (his father's elder brother), and the elder brother of Thomas Grenville and of William Grenville (later 1st Baron Grenville and also Prime Minister of Great Britain). In 1764, he was appointed a Teller of the Exchequer. He was educated at Eton College from 1764 to 1770 and matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford in 1770. In 1774 he undertook a Grand Tour through Italy and Austria. In 1775, he married the Hon. Mary Nugent, daughter of Robert Nugent, 1st Viscount Clare, and the following year his father-in-law Lord Clare was created Earl Nugent, with special remainder (in default of his own heirs male, of which he had none) to his new son-in-law.[1]
Political career
edit
Grenville was returned as Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire at the 1774 general election. In the House of Commons he emerged as a sharp critic of the American policy of Lord North. In September 1779, he succeeded his uncle as 3rd Earl Temple and moved to the House of Lords.[1][3]
The now Lord Temple also took the additional family names Nugent and Temple by Royal Warrant issued on 4 December[4] making the compound family name Nugent-Temple-Grenville. In 1782, Temple was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire and in July 1782, he became a member of the Privy Council and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the Ministry of Lord Shelburne. He was instrumental in the enactment of the Renunciation Act of 1783, which supplemented the legislative independence granted to Ireland in 1782. As Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and by Royal Warrant, he created the Order of St Patrick in February 1783, with himself as the first Grand Master. He left Ireland in 1783 and again turned his attention to English politics. He enjoyed the confidence of King George III, and having opposed Fox's East India Bill, he was authorised by the King to say that "whoever voted for the India Bill was not only not his friend, but would be considered by him as an enemy", a message which ensured the defeat of the Bill. He was appointed a Secretary of State when Pitt the Younger (his father's sister's son) formed his ministry in December 1783, but resigned only three days later.[3] This was the shortest cabinet tenure until Michelle Donelan in 2022.[5]
In December 1784, Lord Temple was created Marquess of Buckingham. In November 1787, he was again appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, this time under Pitt, but his second tenure of this office proved less successful than the first. Grattan denounced him for extravagance; the Irish Houses of Parliament censured him for refusing to transmit to England an address calling upon the Prince of Wales to assume the regency; and he could only maintain his position by resorting to bribery on a large scale.[3] When his father-in-law died in 1788, Buckingham succeeded him as 2nd Earl Nugent. However, since he already held a marquessate, he was never known by this title. (His wife was, however, created Baroness Nugent in 1800, with special remainder to their second son, Lord George Nugent-Grenville.) Having become very unpopular, he resigned his office in September 1789.
Later years
editBuckingham subsequently took very little part in politics, although he spoke in favour of the Act of Union of 1800. His wife died in 1812 and he died on 11 February 1813 at his residence, Stowe in Buckinghamshire. He was buried at his ancestral home Wotton. He left two sons: Richard, Earl Temple (who succeeded him as 2nd Marquess of Buckingham and was later created Duke of Buckingham and Chandos) and George, 2nd Baron Nugent (who had succeeded his mother in that title on her death).
See also
editReferences
edit- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Buckingham, Earls, Marquesses and Dukes of s.v. George Nugent Temple Grenville". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 721–722.
- ^ a b "GRENVILLE, George (1753-1813)". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
- ^ Casey, Christine (2005). The Buildings of Ireland: Dublin. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 622. ISBN 978-0-300-10923-8.
- ^ a b c Chisholm 1911.
- ^ "No. 12036". The London Gazette. 30 November 1779. p. 1.
- ^ Gutteridge, Nick (7 July 2022). "Minister who quit after 35 hours is in line for £17,000 payout". The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 July 2022.