Gerharda Wilbrink (19 July 1875 – 17 January 1962) was a Dutch plant pathologist and agronomist who worked in the Dutch East Indies. She contributed to developing disease resistant sugarcane varieties. A medium for growing Xanthomonas and other plant bacteria is known as Wilbrink's Agar.
Gerharda Wilbrink | |
|---|---|
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| Born | July 19, 1875 Lunteren, the Netherlands |
| Died | January 17, 1962 (aged 86) |
| Occupation(s) | Plant pathologist Agronomist |
Biography
editEarly life and education
editWilbrink was born in Lunteren. She studied biology and joined the University of Utrecht where she became the first woman biologist to take up a position in Java in 1903.[1]
Research
editHer early work was on the indigo plant and in 1905 she began to work in the experimental station of the Javan sugar industry in Pekalongan. She moved to Pasoeroean in 1907 and was involved in studies on the diseases of sugarcane, particularly the sereh disease. She was involved in producing sereh-resistant hybrids[2] and clones and it was discovered that the disease did not infect cane above a certain altitude. She took leave from 1912 to 1913 and returned to the experimental station in Cheribon where she worked on the isolation of a bacteria that cause leaf scald disease. She used a medium for Xanthomonas bacteria which is now known as Wilbrink's Agar consisting of peptone 5g, sucrose 20g KH2PO4 0.5 g, MgSO4 (hydrated) 0.25 g, agar 15g, distilled water 1 L and adjusted to a pH of 7.[3][4] She discovered a hot water treatment that helped remove sereh virus infection from setts prior to planting. Setts treated in 52-55 °C water for 30 minutes helped remove the disease agent.[5] She found another viral mosaic virus and identified its vector as an aphid.[6] For her work she received an honorary doctorate from the University of Utrecht in 1923. In 1925 she went on a tour of sugarcane producing areas.[1]
Later career
editFrom 1926 she became a director of the Cheribon station. She left Java in 1932 and settled in Lunteren. She served as a board member of the Willie Commelin Scholten Phytopathology Laboratory until 1956.[7][1]
References
edit- ^ a b c Koningsberger, V. J. (1962). "In memoriam: Gerharda Wilbrink 19 juli 1875–17 januari 1962". Tijdschrift over Plantenziekten. 68 (2): 123–125. doi:10.1007/BF01987571. ISSN 0028-2944. S2CID 45899041.
- ^ Cramer, P. J. S. (1952). "Sugar-Cane Breeding in Java". Economic Botany. 6 (2): 143–150. doi:10.1007/BF02984872. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4252066. S2CID 28660256.
- ^ Sands, D. C.; Fourrest, E. (1989). "Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens in North and South America and in the Middle East". EPPO Bulletin. 19 (1): 127–130. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1989.tb00138.x. ISSN 0250-8052.
- ^ Ricaud, C.; Egan, B.T.; Gillaspie, A.G; Hughes, C.G., eds. (1989). Diseases of Sugarcane: Major Diseases. Elsevier. p. 44.
- ^ Nyland, G; Goheen, A C (1969). "Heat Therapy of Virus Diseases of Perennial Plants". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 7 (1): 331–354. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.07.090169.001555. ISSN 0066-4286.
- ^ Earsman, Ruby G.; Young, Anthony J. (2023). "A streak through history: Solving the riddle of chlorotic streak disease of sugarcane". Plant Pathology. 73: 3–11. doi:10.1111/ppa.13797. ISSN 0032-0862. S2CID 261550740.
- ^ Faasse, Patricia E. (2008-06-10). In Splendid Isolation: A History of the Willie Commelin Scholten Phytopathology Laboratory, 1894-1992. Translated by Jackson, Beverley. Amsterdam University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt6wp5r0. ISBN 978-90-485-2167-8. JSTOR j.ctt6wp5r0.
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