Gilbert (c. 1785 – August 28, 1827) was an American man enslaved by Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the United States. One of the affiants in the case of his death described him as a man of "strong sense and determined character."[1] The man who killed him described him as "a very strong, stout man, possessed of a most violent and ungovernable temper and disposition, among many other faults."[1]
Gilbert escaped from Jackson's plantations at least four times.[2] In 1804, John Coffee placed a runaway slave ad seeking his return in the newspaper:
"50 DOLLARS REWARD RAN AWAY from the plantation of Gen. Andrew Jackson...in Franklin County (Ala.)...Gilbert, a negro man, about 35 or 40 years of age, very black and fleshy, with a full round face, has a scar on one of his cheeks, but not recollected which...JOHN COFFEE".[3]
In 1827, after Gilbert escaped once again, he was recaptured. He was to be whipped publicly as a result but was killed while resisting.
"In the course of being brought before the other slaves, Gilbert slipped the ropes that bound his hands. He tried to smash the overseer's head with a piece of wood, but, during the struggle, [overseer Ira] Walton succeeded in stabbing Gilbert with a knife several times, eventually cutting his throat. The wound to the throat was not immediately lethal, but he died shortly after the fight."[4]
Jackson fired Walton after Gilbert's death, and had him prosecuted.[1] Two Tennessee grand juries declined to indict Walton for either murder or manslaughter.[5]
Gilbert's death was a political issue in the 1828 United States presidential election;[1] Jackson's political opponents cited it as evidence of his cruelty.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d "Domestic". Richmond Enquirer. September 9, 1828. p. 1. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
- ^ Cheathem (2011), p. 326, 331.
- ^ Hay (1977), p. 469.
- ^ Cheathem (2011), p. 326.
- ^ "Gilbert (Part 2)". Richmond Enquirer. September 9, 1828. p. 2. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
- ^ Moser, Hoth & Hoemann (1980), p. 171.
Citations
edit- Cheathem, Mark R. (April 2011). "Andrew Jackson, Slavery, and Historians". History Compass. 9 (4): 326–338. doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2011.00763.x.
- Hay, Robert P. (1977). ""And Ten Dollars Extra, for Every Hundred Lashes Any Person Will Give Him, to the Amount of Three Hundred": A Note on Andrew Jackson's Runaway Slave Ad of 1804 and on the Historian's Use of Evidence". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 36 (4): 468–478. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42625783.
- Moser, Harold D.; Hoth, David R.; Hoemann, George H., eds. (1980). The Papers of Andrew Jackson. Vol. V: 1825–1828. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-87049-897-8.