Murdannia is a genus of annual or perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Commelinaceae.
| Murdannia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Murdannia semiteres in Hyderabad, India | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Commelinales |
| Family: | Commelinaceae |
| Subfamily: | Commelinoideae |
| Tribe: | Commelineae |
| Genus: | Murdannia Royle (1839) |
| Type species | |
| M. edulis | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
The genus is one of the largest in the family. They are most easily distinguished from other genera in the family by their three-lobed or spear-shaped antherodes (i.e. non-functional anthers).[2] Also it is the only genus with staminodes (i.e. non-functional stamens) opposite the petals.[3]
Murdannia are found in tropical regions across the globe with extensions into warm temperate areas.[4] Typically, Murdannia species are found in open areas in mesic soils. However, some are semi-aquatic, and a limited few are found in closed forest situations. Three species are naturalized in the United States (Murdannia keisak, M. nudiflora and M. spirata).[5][6][7]
The genus is named in honor of Murdan Ali, a plant collector who worked for John Forbes Royle and maintained the herbarium at Saharanpur, India.[6][8] He was a munshi who took a keen interest in natural history and under the training of Falconer, Royle and Edgeworth had become a proficient botanist who compiled a vernacular flora of northern India and the Himalayas which was however never published.[9]
- Murdannia acutifolia (Lauterb. & K.Schum.) Faden - New Guinea
- Murdannia allardii (De Wild.) Brenan - Congo-Brazzaville, Zaïre
- Murdannia assamica Nampy & Ancy - Assam
- Murdannia audreyae Faden - Sri Lanka
- Murdannia axillaris Brenan - Kenya, Zanzibar, Pemba
- Murdannia blumei (Hassk.) Brenan - Indian Subcontinent, Java, Myanmar, Malaya
- Murdannia bracteata (C.B.Clarke) J.K.Morton ex D.Y.Hong - southern China, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
- Murdannia brownii Nandikar & Gurav - western India
- Murdannia burchellii (C.B.Clarke) M.Pell. – Bolivia, Venezuela, and north, northeast, and west-central Brazil
- Murdannia citrina D.Fang - Guangxi in China
- Murdannia clandestina (Ridl.) Faden - Peninsular Malaysia
- Murdannia clarkeana Brenan - Central African Republic, Chad, Kenya
- Murdannia crocea (Griff.) Faden - India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Myanmar
- Murdannia cryptantha Faden - New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory of Australia
- Murdannia dimorpha (Dalzell) G.Brückn. - southern India
- Murdannia dimorphoides Faden - Sri Lanka
- Murdannia divergens (C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - southern China, Himalayas, Myanmar, Vietnam
- Murdannia edulis (Stokes) Faden - southern China, Himalayas, Indochina, Java, Bali, Philippines, New Guinea
- Murdannia esculenta (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) R.S.Rao & Kammathy - India, Sri Lanka
- Murdannia fadeniana Nampy & Joby - Kerala State in India
- Murdannia fasciata (Warb. ex K.Schum. & Lauterb.) G.Brückn. - New Guinea
- Murdannia gardneri (Seub.) G.Brückn. - Brazil
- Murdannia gigantea (Vahl) G.Brückn. - Madagascar, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory, New South Wales
- Murdannia glauca (Thwaites ex C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - India, Sri Lanka
- Murdannia graminea (R.Br.) G.Brückn. - Vietnam, Queensland, Northern Territory, New South Wales, Western Australia
- Murdannia hookeri (C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - Assam, southern China
- Murdannia japonica (Thunb.) Faden - China, Japan, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Borneo
- Murdannia juncoides (Wight) R.S.Rao & Kammathy - Kerala + Tamil Nadu in India
- Murdannia kainantensis (Masam.) D.Y.Hong - southern China
- Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz. - Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Islands, Russia (Amur + Primorye), Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Nepal; naturalized in parts of United States
- Murdannia lanceolata (Wight) Kammathy - India, Sri Lanka
- Murdannia lanuginosa (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - southern India
- Murdannia loriformis (Hassk.) R.S.Rao & Kammathy - China, Taiwan, Tibet, Ryukyu Islands, Bonin Islands, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Java, Philippines, New Guinea
- Murdannia macrocarpa D.Y.Hong - Yunnan, Guangdong, Cambodia
- Murdannia medica (Lour.) D.Y.Hong - Yunnan, Guangdong, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam
- Murdannia nampyana Joby, Rogimon & Nisha – India (Kerala)
- Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan - southern China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Western Australia, Micronesia; naturalized in Hawaii, southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, West Indies, northern South America, Sierra Leone, Congo-Brazzaville, Cook Islands
- Murdannia paraguayensis (C.B.Clarke ex Chodat) G.Brückn. - Paraguay, Brazil
- Murdannia pauciflora (G.Brückn.) G.Brückn. - southern India
- Murdannia saddlepeakensis M.V.Ramana & Nandikar – Andaman Islands
- Murdannia sahyadrica Ancy & Nampy - Maharashtra
- Murdannia satheeshiana Joby, Nisha & Unni - southern India
- Murdannia schomburgkiana (Kunth) G.Brückn. - Guyana, Brazil
- Murdannia semifoliata (C.B.Clarke ex S.Moore) G.Brückn. - Brazil
- Murdannia semiteres (Dalzell) Santapau - Zaire, Burundi, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Iran, Yemen, India, Vietnam
- Murdannia sepalosa (C.B.Clarke) C.K.Lee, Fuse & M.N.Tamura – Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zaïre
- Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan - sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Indian Subcontinent, southern China, Indochina, Queensland
- Murdannia spectabilis (Kurz) Faden - southern China, Indochina, Philippines
- Murdannia spirata (L.) G.Brückn. - southern China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Java, Philippines; naturalized in Florida + Samoa
- Murdannia stenothyrsa (Diels) Hand.-Mazz. - Sichuan, Yunnan
- Murdannia striatipetala Faden - Sri Lanka
- Murdannia stricta Brenan - Zaire, Rwanda
- Murdannia tenuissima (A.Chev.) Brenan - tropical Africa
- Murdannia triquetra (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - southern China, Indochina, Himalayas
- Murdannia ugemugei R.B.Kamble, Somkuwar & Nandikar - India
- Murdannia undulata D.Y.Hong - Yunnan
- Murdannia vaginata (L.) G.Brückn. - southern China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Java, Philippines, Queensland, Northern Territory
- Murdannia versicolor (Dalzell) G.Brückn. - India, Vietnam, Philippines
- Murdannia yunnanensis D.Y.Hong - Yunnan
- Murdannia zeylanica (C.B.Clarke) G.Brückn. - India, Sri Lanka
References
edit- ^ a b Murdannia Royle. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ Faden, Robert B. (1998), "Commelinaceae", in Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. 4, Berlin: Springer, pp. 109–128, ISBN 978-3-540-64061-5
- ^ Evans, Timothy M.; Sytsma, Kenneth J.; Faden, Robert B.; Givnish, Thomas J. (2003), "Phylogenetic Relationships in the Commelinaceae: II. A Cladistic Analysis of rbcL Sequences and Morphology", Systematic Botany, 28 (2): 270–292, doi:10.1043/0363-6445-28.2.270 (inactive 1 November 2024)
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Shinners, L. H. 1962. Aneilema (Commelinaceae) in the United States. Sida 1: 100--101.
- ^ a b Flora of North America v 22 p 190.
- ^ Faden, Robert B. 2001. New taxa of Murdannia (Commelinaceae) from Sri Lanka. Novon 11:22-30.
- ^ Royle, John Forbes. Illustrations of the Botany ... of the Himalayan Mountains ... 1: 403, pl. 95, f. 3. 1839.
- ^ Arnold, David (2005). The Tropics and the Traveling Gaze: India, Landscape, and Science 1800-1856. Orient Blackswan. p. 183.
- Mayur Nandikar and R. V. Gurav (2011). A New Species of Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae) from Northern Western Ghats of India. Vol. 56. Taiwania. pp. 227–230.
