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Giovanni Zurolo

Giovanni Zurolo, also called Giovanni II Zurolo,[1] also called Zurlo Giovanni Zurlo, in Latin Johannes Zurolo[2] (*1382 †1440), was count,[3][4][5] feudal lord and Useful Lord of the Terra d'Angri, Roccapiemonte and other lands of the Kingdom of Naples; leader, during the "Dynastic Struggles" including that of the Terra d'Angri on 24 September 1421.

Giovanni Zurolo
Giovanni Zurolo
Leadership
CaptainTerra d'Angri and the Oppido Angarium (Angri fortress)
Related articles
HistoryGiovanni Zurolo (or Zurlo) was an italian feudal lord, count and leader. He descended from one of the most important Neapolitan families from which he owned various lands/fiefdoms in the Kingdom of Naples, the Zurolo (or Zurlo). During the "Dynastic Struggles" between the Angevin and Aragonese families, he sided with the Angevins, remaining faithful to them, for this reason King Alfonso V of Aragon decided to send that of the Terra d'Angri on 24 September 1421. After the dethronement of King Alfonso V of Aragon, ousted by Queen Joanna II of Anjou, Louis III of Anjou was declared the legitimate heir, who to thank the count for his loyalty to the crown, asked Queen Joanna to restore him to his feud. The founder of the convent with adjoining church of the SS. Annunziata of Terra di Angri (current city of Angri), with notarial deed dated 26 July 1436. In 1438, when King Alfonso, with his army of four thousand men on horseback, moved to occupy the fortress of Angri, the count of Zurolo with a handful of soldiers fought heroically and forced him to stop at the Scafati Bridge, blocking the passage.
RanksRank of captain

With a notarial deed dated 26 July 1436, he was the founder of the convent with the adjoining church of the SS. Annunziata of Terra d'Angri.

History

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Second born son of d. Bernardo Zurolo, and d. Antonella Caracciolo, from whom she inherited the Terra d'Angri, Roccapiemonte and other lands of the Kingdom.

He had brothers and sisters, among whom we remember: Biancamano known as Blanca, Francesco, Salvatore II known as Russillo and Emilia.

He received the title of feudal lord directly from King Louis II of Anjou-Valois and feudal dominion over Angri.

Married d. Dalfina Caracciolo in ca. 1416, daughter of Leonetto and Caterina Filangieri from whom d. Antonella Zurolo (b. 1418 ca.), Countess of Bsistenza who in 1449 (1439) married (Istrum. Notar Giacomo Ferrillo, year 1449) to the Count of Buccino Francesco Caracciolo known as Petricone.[6]

The Battle of the Land of Angri on 24 September 1421

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Giovanni, strenuously defended the Terra d'Angri during the battle of 24 September 1421 from the soldiers of Braccio da Montone (Italian leader, known as Andrea Fortebraccio da Montone) during the aforementioned dynastic struggles, for the succession to the throne of Naples, between Alfonso V of Aragon and Louis III of Anjou, siding in favor of the latter being of the Angevin faction.[7][8][9][10]

Background of the battle

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During the dynastic struggles for the succession to the throne of Naples (see the kingdom of Naples), between Alfonso V of Aragon and Louis III of Anjou, Giovanni Zurolo sided in favor of the latter, in fact in this period the fiefdom of Angri drew many benefits thanks to his loyalty to this dynasty, as his paternal grandfather was already a feudal lord loyal to the dynasty (called like his nephew Giovanni Zurolo known as Giovannello).

Once King Alfonso had taken power in the Kingdom of Naples, he then punished the disobedient feudal lord by sending the famous Italian mercenary leader Andrea Fortebraccio da Montone (also known by the famous title Braccio da Montone), already appointed by him and the queen, to the Land of Angri Joanna II of Anjou, on 21 September 1421, Count of Foggia and Prince of Capua and perpetual general (i.e. edible governor of the entire Neapolitan kingdom).

On 23 September Andrea and King Alfonso visited various Neapolitan locations after which he was instructed by the rulers to attack the fiefdom of Angri governed by Count Giovanni Zurolo, who had not accepted the loyalty of the new sovereign. Braccioforte marched towards the Sarno valley (see Agro Nocerino-Sarnese) with his mercenary army made up of around 12,000 men and, mostly: crossbowmen, foot infantry and knights.

 
Part of the Pons Sarni which overlooks the river of the same name which passes through the city of Scafati (SA) and the church of Santa Maria delle Vergini, 15th century

The Battle of the Land of Angri

At dawn on 24 September 1421 the mercenaries headed towards the border of Angri, more precisely towards a bridge in the current city of Scafati (at the time the dominion of the Terra d'Angri, in fact the city of Scafati did not yet exist), the bridge was called Pons Sarni (which exists and still overlooks the Sarno river in that locality), They waited there for the enemy because the area was easier for those attacked to defend themselves, furthermore, there was also a military fortification, which currently no longer exists.

The feudal lord's plan envisaged a defensive fight in this area with the help of the armed forces of his brother Francesco Zurolo, count of Nocera de' Pagani and Montoro, and then also being assisted by the military aid of count Muzio Attendolo Sforza of Cotignola who it should have arrived a few days later, since it was a fairly easy area to defend and the banks of the river already allowed excellent defense by those attacked. Giovanni Zurolo waited with the local militia near the Angrese border but help from Francesco and Sforza never arrived. Betrayed by his brother (in truth his brother tried in vain to convince him to give up but the count wouldn't hear of it),[11][12] Giovanni had to fight alone against an overwhelming enemy army, retreating immediately after Braccio's first attack to the fief of Angri and instead headed towards the city, after a few hours and a few enemy assaults it was invaded and sacked.

The news of the military defeat of Angri spread quickly among the various inhabitants of the lands of the Agro and the nearby city of Nocerina, the looting and destruction was a warning to the locals to guarantee obedience towards the new Aragonese dynasty. Braccio, after taking Angri, left a group of his soldiers under the command of a captain governor, a certain Luca de Triccia, since, in the evening, he headed to conquer Castellammare di Stabia with the rest of the army.

 
Castle and Palazzo Doria of Angri, located in the square of the same name

Various versions on the battle of the Land of Angri

According to ancient and official sources, Count Giovanni Zurolo, after having briefly discussed against the enemy army at the Pons Sarni, headed with his soldiers to the Oppido Angarium (fortress city of Angri) and fought with the local citizens, a militia and various improvised leaders until the end of the clash, in fact after a few hours of various enemy assaults they surrendered but the city was not spared by the attackers.

Other sources instead speak of a retreat by Zurolo from his brother to the fortress of Nocera de' Pagani and of abandoning his lands at the mercy of his enemies, from which the Angrese had to defend themselves alone and against an overwhelming army.[13][14][15]

The reinstatement of the Angri fiefdom to the Zurolo counts

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In the period in which Giovanni strategically distanced himself from Angri, his brother Francesco made use of the special prerogatives and graces that he had deserved with his surrender, he worked hard at the court of King Alfonso so that the fiefdom of Angri could return to its legitimate owner of his brother and his heirs. Angri, in fact, with the Cancellara fiefdom (see the Grancia di Pizzaguto) once again entered the feudal succession of the Zurolo with all the connected jurisdictional rights (by virtue of the royal disposition of Ferdinand I of Aragon, known as Ferrante - XVIII King of Naples, 1458-1494), with a certain Scipione (son of Salvatore Rossillo and nephew of Giovanni) who in 1485 is listed, in the documents of the time, as ''dominus utilis'' of Angri; then on 5 February 1463, he was investitured, again by the same sovereign - Ferrante I, of the fiefdom of Solofra. Ad antiquo therefore the fiefdom of Angri remained with the Zurolo counts until it came under the dominion of other noble and powerful lords of the kingdom.[16][17][18][19]

 
Facade, in Vanvitellian architectural style, of the church SS. Annunziata in Angri, with adjacent former convent, formerly a hospice of charity, of the Dominican preaching friars, located in the square of the same name, 13th-15th centuries
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He was the founder of the former convent of the Dominican preaching fathers, with the adjoining church of the SS. Annunziata della Terra d'Angri (in Piazza Annunziata), on a previous chapel also dedicated to the SS. Annunziata. The notarial deed drawn up before the major church (later Collegiate) of Angri was executed on 26 July 1436.[20][21][22][23]

The Battle of the Land of Angri in June 1438

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At the beginning of June 1438, when King Alfonso, with his army of four thousand men on horseback, moved to occupy the fortress of Angri, Count Zurolo with a handful of soldiers fought heroically and forced him to stop at the Ponte di Scafati (Scafati brige), blocking his path. In these bloody battles, which lasted for days, between the partisans of the Angevin and Aragonese factions, the young captain Angelo Concilio, of the Casato de' Concilij of Angri, heroically lost his life.[24][25][26][27][28][29]

Death and burial

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Giovanni, feudal lord of Angri, died in around 1440, and was probably buried in the church of his greatest ancestors of Santa Restituta in the Cathedral of Naples,[30] in the Piscicelli-Zurolo chapel, since the Zurolos were direct descendants of this noble family.[31]

 
Commemorative plaque of the foundation of the church and convent of the Ss. Annunziata, currently the municipality of Angri, in the Terra d'Angri, in July 1436

Dedications

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  • Road plaques in white marble entitled Giovanni Zurolo affixed at the end of the road, where it begins and ends, on the walls of two buildings for civic use, a third plaque was instead entitled Largo Palio Storico, of the same workmanship as the previous ones, affixed in the clearing between Via Coronati and Via Amendola, relating to the events of 1421-1425 and 1428-1436 called "Palio Storico Città di Angri".[32] The aforementioned headstones were subsequently removed by the same municipality for legal reasons.[33][34]
  • Via Zurlo, in Angri, dedicated to the feudal lord of the Terra d'Angri, Count Giovanni Zurolo (mistakenly called Zurlo), around the 70s of the last century.[35]
  • In Montoro, now Montoro Inferiore, there was a chapel dedicated to Santa Margherita, located in the ancient farmhouse of Borgo, Mercatello district. There, in the altarpiece, Bernardo Zurolo and his sons, Francesco Zurolo and Giovanni II Zurolo were represented.[36]
  • In the church of the Ss. Annunziata of Angri, a plaque was placed inside by the community of faithful, the parish priest, and a member of the Zurolo family, in memory of the foundation of the same, by Count Giovanni Zurolo, dated in July 2004.[37]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Gennaro Zurolo (2008). EDIZIONI COMUNE DI ANGRI (ed.). Le Strade di Angri [The Streets of Angri] (in Italian). Boscoreale (NA). p. 308. See from the family tree card, Giovanni Zurolo, who was the nephew of Giovanni Zurolo (count of San'Angelo, feudal lord of Angri, San Marzano, Andretta, Fossacesia, Apriano and other lands) and son of Bernardo Zurolo (1st Count of Montoro, lord of Nusco and della Guardia).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Gennaro Zurolo (December 2019). Sulle origini di una chiesa angioina nella Terra d'Angri: la SS. Annunziata [On the origins of an Angevin church in the Terra d'Angri: the SS. Annunziata] (in Italian). pp. 32 and 33. ISBN 9-788899-742430. According to the deeds reported by the author in the book, Giovanni Zurolo's name in Latin was Johannes Zurolo.
  3. ^ Don Vincenzo Pastore (1980). Dalla Preistoria ai Nostri giorni-volume primo, dalle remote origini al dominio feudale dei Doria [From Prehistory to Our Days - first volume, from remote origins to the feudal dominion of the Doria] (in Italian). Cava de' Tirreni (SA). p. 456. The Zurlos, writes Filiberto Campanile (Dell'armi, ouero insignia de i nobili. Written by Mr. Filiberto Campanile where are the speeches of some families, as dull as the streets of the kingdom of Naples, page. 68), were a family to which the Counts of Sant'Angelo, Montoro and Solofra belonged, all related to the most noble families of the Kingdom and highly esteemed by the reigning sovereigns of Naples.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ "Italian Surnames - Cognomi Italiani - Z, (ZURLO-ZURLO)" [Italian Surnames - Cognomi Italiani - Z, (ZURLO-ZURLO)]. GANINO (in Italian). July 1, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2024. At the beginning of 1400 we find the baron of Angri Giovanni Zurlo, a supporter of King Louis III of Anjou on the throne of Naples, in the same period the Zurlo family held the title of Counts of Nocera.
  5. ^ "ZURLO-ZUROLO" [ZURLO-ZUROLO]. HERALDRYS INSTITURE OF ROME-ATRALDIAN ITALIAN D.C.V. ROME (in Italian). July 1, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2024. At the beginning of 1400 we find the baron of Angri Giovanni Zurlo, a supporter of King Louis III of Anjou on the throne of Naples, in the same period the Zurlo family held the title of Counts of Nocera.
  6. ^ Gennaro Zurolo (2019). Sulle origini di una chiesa angioina nella terra d'Angri: La SS. Annunziata [On the origins of an Angevin church in the land of Angri: The SS. Annunziata] (in Italian). Nola (NA). pp. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 and 38. ISBN 9-788899-742430. Giovanni-Johannes Zurolo (1382-1440), feudal lord of the ancient Terra d'Angri and founder (1436) of the convent, of the Order of Dominican preachers, and of the church of the Ss. ma Annunziata. Second son of Bernardo (born of Giovanni Piscicello known as Zurolo, count of San'Angelo and feudal lord I of Angri, and of Beatrice Pontiaco), and count of Montoro and Nocera († 1415), and of Antonella Caracciolo. He was married in 1416 ━ the year in which he was created, with the royal privilege of Louis II of Anjou (1377-1417), lord of the fiefdom of Angri, Roccapiemonte and other lands left to him as a paternal inheritance ━ with Dalfina Caracciolo, from to whom Antonella was born around 1418 and married Francesco Caracciolo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Don Vincenzo Pastore (1980). Arti grafiche Palumbo & Esposito (ed.). Dalla Preistoria ai Nostri giorni-volume primo, dalle remote origini al dominio feudale dei Doria [From Prehistory to Our Days - first volume, from remote origins to the feudal dominion of the Doria] (in Italian). Cava de' Tirreni (SA). pp. 463, 464, 465, 466 and 467. The Zurlos therefore considered themselves certain of a great Angevin victory, from which they could derive innumerable advantages. Francesco Zurlo, count of Nocera and Montoro, and his brother Giovanni, baron of Angri and Gragnano, once they had embraced the Angevin cause, should have, while awaiting the help of the Sforza, studied and prepared a common battle plan, of offense or defense; it would have been better for them to settle on the banks of the Sarno in Scafati, where they could block the advance of Braccioforte's army. In fact, there it would have been easy to sustain the brunt of a battle, to take the defensive, since the banks of the river constituted a formidable defense, a natural and insurmountable obstacle for the invading enemy: in fact, other powerful armies had already suffered defeats.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ Don Pasquale Pannone (1991). Centro Iniziative Culturali (ed.). Breve Cenno Storico su Angri-Profilo di Mons. Alfonso Raiola-Note di Gianfranco Forino [Brief Historical Note on Angri-Profile of Monsignor Alfonso Raiola-Notes by Gianfranco Forino] (in Italian). Angri (SA). pp. 6 and 7. In the text cited in this note the author, despite stating exact things, reversed the order of events: Angri was destroyed by Braccio on the morning of 24 September 1421.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ Alberto Maria Ghisalberti (1960). "100". Dizionario biografico degli Italiani [Biographical dictionary of Italians] (in Italian). Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana. ISBN 978-88-12-00032-6. Retrieved April 27, 2024. -- 100. Vittorio Emanuele I - Zurlo: At the beginning of 1400 we find the baron of Angri Giovanni Zurlo, a supporter of King Louis III of Anjou on the throne of Naples, in the same period the Zurlo family held the title of Counts of Nocera. The text above reports the words baron of Angri Giovanni Zurlo, well according to the official sources the nobleman was a count and not a baron.
  10. ^ Adriano Cotella (2005). "Zurlo - Origine del Cognome" [Zurlo - Origin of the Surname]. N COGNOMIX (in Italian). Retrieved March 3, 2024. Baron d'Angri Giovanni Zurlo, supporter of King Louis III of Anjou on the throne of Naples, has been known since the early 1400s. To be mentioned only in the note above.
  11. ^ Angelo Di Costanzo (1710). Dom. Ant. Parrino (ed.). Historia del regno di Napoli [History of the kingdom of Naples] (in Italian). Vol. XVII. pp. 279 and 406.
  12. ^ Bartolomeo Facio; et al. (Filoponi, Filoterpse & Filoponi, Clidano, Gesuiti : Collegio Romano) (1563). Philoterpses et Clidanus Philoponi fratres excudebant (ed.). Bartholomei Faccij De rebus gestis Alphonsi Aragonij regis libri 7. Ad Caesarem Gonzagam . [Bartholomew Faccius on the deeds of King Alfonso of Aragon book 7. To Caesar Gonzaga ..] (in Latin). Vol. VI. p. 78.
  13. ^ Bishop Giovanni Antonio Campano; et al. (Giovanni Battista Poggio) (1572). "V". L'Historie et vite di Braccio Fortebracci detto da Montone, et di Nicolo Piccinini Pervgini [The Historie et vite of Braccio Fortebracci known as da Montone, and of Nicolo Piccinini Pervgini.] (in Latin). The new day had already begun, Braccio with great impetus attacked and conquered the fortress city of Angri which had rebelled shortly before his arrival.
  14. ^ Gennaro Orlando (1884). Storia di Nocera De' Pagani [History of Nocera De' Pagani] (in Italian). Vol. II. Naples (NA). pp. 194 and 195. ISBN 9788827107331. Giovanni Zurlo did not want to know about betraying the Angioni, in fact he sided against Alfonso V of Aragon and for this he was punished by the sovereign who sent the leader Andrea Fortebraccio da Montone to attack and destroy Angri. His brother Francesco Zurlo, however, decided to negotiate and support the Spanish sovereign for this reason, Giovanni was forced to leave the Angrese fiefdom after the arrival of the leader.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^ Don Pasquale Pannone (November 1991). Breve cenno storico su Angri [Brief historical note on Angri] (in Italian). Angri (SA): Centro Iniziative Culturali. p. 7. Giovanni Zurlo, feudal lord of Angri, went in 1438 (here the author, although stating exact things, has reversed the order of events: Angri was destroyed by Braccio on the morning of 24 September 1421 and subsequently (1438) Giovanni Zurlo opposed to Alfonso of Aragon) with all his Angresi on the borders of the fief towards Scafati to prevent Alfonso of Aragon from taking over Angri, but then betrayed by his brother Francesco Zurlo, Count of Nocera, he abandoned the fief and took voluntary exile.
  16. ^ Gennaro Zurolo (2010). Il riscatto di Zurolo (26 giugno 1428), Regesto del documento d'Archivio del XV secolo, Diploma Reale di Giovanna II d'Angiò [The ransom of Zurolo (26 June 1428), Summary of the 15th century archive document, Royal Diploma of Joan II of Anjou] (in Italian). Angri (SA).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  17. ^ "Storia di Angri-Riferimenti storici sulla comunità angrese" [History of Angri-Historical references on the Angri community]. REGIONE BASILICATA (in Italian). 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2024. The baron of Angri Giovanni Zurlo of Angevin faith, in the fight for the succession to the throne of Naples between Alfonso of Aragon and Louis III of Anjou, sided in favor of the latter. Then Queen Giovanna II sent Andrea Forte Braccio da Montone, a mercenary captain who supported the Aragonese cause, to besiege the Angrese fiefdom. In 1421, after a brief siege, he devastated the entire town and set the castle on fire. Following the fall of Alfonso of Aragon, dethroned by the queen herself, Louis III of Anjou was declared the legitimate heir, who, to thank Zurlo for his loyalty, sent Queen Giovanna to restore him to his fiefdom.
  18. ^ "Angri e la storia" [Angri and history]. PUNTO Agro News-Costiera & Dintorni. 26 October 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2024. The count of Angri Giovanni Zurolo of Angevin faith, in the fight for the succession to the throne of Naples between Alfonso of Aragon and Louis III of Anjou, sided in favor of the latter. Then Queen Giovanna II sent Andrea Forte Braccio da Montone, a mercenary captain who supported the Aragonese cause, to besiege the Angrese fiefdom. In 1421, after a brief siege, he devastated the entire town and set the castle on fire. Following the fall of Alfonso of Aragon, dethroned by the queen herself, Louis III of Anjou was declared the legitimate heir, who, to thank Zurlo for his loyalty, sent Queen Giovanna to restore him to his fiefdom.
  19. ^ Luigi Mazzoccoli (January 13, 2024). "Prossima fermata: Angri" [Next stop: Angri]. L'ANGOLO BIANCO AZZURRO, L'ANGOLO, VOCE AI TIFOSI (in Italian). Retrieved May 31, 2024. The feudal dominion of the Zurolo family, the reinstatement of the feudal lord Giovanni Zurolo by Queen Giovanna II of Anjou.
  20. ^ Gennaro Zurolo (2004). Regesto del documento d'Archivio del XV secolo. Atto di fondazione del Convento e Chiesa della SS. Annunziata di Angri [Summary of the 15th century archive document. Deed of foundation of the Convent and Church of the SS. Annunziata of Angri] (in Italian). Angri (SA).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  21. ^ "Chiesa dell'Annunziata" [Church of the Annunziata]. PROLOCOANGRI (in Italian). Angri (SA). Retrieved March 9, 2024. The Church of the SS. Annunziata in Angri was founded, together with the adjoining convent. On 26 July 1436. by will of Giovanni Zurlo, baron of Angri. There was previously a chapel dedicated to the SS. Annunziata and the said Giovanni Zurlo wanted it to be demolished and a grandiose complex to be built there, with a church and convent, which he entrusted to the preachers or Dominican fathers.
  22. ^ "Il territorio e le sue risorse" [Il territorio e le sue risorse]. ISTITUTO MARCONI NOCERA.IT (in Italian). Founded on 26 July 1436, by the baron of Angri Giovanni Zurlo, they were entrusted to the Dominican fathers, until their expulsion by the Napoleonic laws. Retrieved March 9, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  23. ^ icg-S.R.L. UNIPERSONALE-IOZZINO COSTRUZIONI GENERALI (2017). "Chiesa SS. Annunziata – Angri" [Church of SS. Annunziata – Angri]. icg-S.R.L. UNIPERSONALE-IOZZINO COSTRUZIONI GENERALI (in Italian). The construction and renovation company that was interested in restoring the church of SS. Annunziata di Angri (SA), from 2014 to 2016. Angri (SA). Retrieved May 22, 2024. The Church of the SS. Annunziata in Angri was founded, together with the adjoining convent. On 26 July 1436. by will of Giovanni Zurlo, baron of Angri. There was previously a chapel dedicated to the SS. Annunziata and the said Giovanni Zurlo wanted it to be demolished and a grandiose complex to be built there, with a church and convent, which he entrusted to the preachers or Dominican fathers.
  24. ^ Erasmo Ricca (1869). A. de Pascale (ed.). Istoria de' feudi del regno delle Due Sicilie di qua dal faro intorno alle successioni legali ne' medesimi dal XV al XIX secolo [History of the fiefdoms of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies on this side of the lighthouse around the legal successions of the same ones from the 15th to the 19th century] (in Italian). Vol. IV. Naples (NA). pp. 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460 and 461. This chapter describes Bernardo Zurlo's branch of the family and his relationships with the noble Orsini family.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  25. ^ De Santi. (Registri della Cancelleria Angioina, anno 1424, fol. 107) [(Registers of the Angevin Chancellery, year 1424, fol. 107)] (in Italian). Vol. 2.
  26. ^ Don Vincenzo Pastore (1980). "Angri distrutta da Braccio Forte da Montone" [Angri destroyed by Braccio Forte da Montone]. In Arti grafiche Palumbo & Esposito (ed.). Dalla Preistoria ai Nostri giorni-volume secondo, dalle remote origini al dominio feudale dei Doria [From Prehistory to Our Days - second volume, from remote origins to the feudal dominion of the Doria] (in Italian). Vol. primo [first]. Cava De' Tirreni (SA). pp. 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, and 474.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  27. ^ Don Pasquale Pannone (November 1991). ARTI GRAFICHE F.LLI MERCURIO s.n.c. (ed.). Breve Cenno Storico su Angri-Profilo di Mons. Alfonso Raiola-Note di Gianfranco Forino [Brief Historical Note on Angri-Profile of Mons. Alfonso Raiola-Notes by Gianfranco Forino] (in Italian). Angri (SA). p. 7. Giovanni Zurlo, feudal lord of Angri, went with all his Angri people to the borders of the fiefdom towards Scafati to prevent Alfonso D'Aragona from taking over Angri, but then betrayed by his brother Francesco Zurlo, Count of Nocera, he abandoned the fiefdom and took voluntary exile. Angri then became Aragonese. But when the late Angioni descendants resumed the fight against the Aragonese, Angri gave himself over to Attendolo Sforza, a mercenary captain who supported the Angevin cause with his weapons. Then Braccio da Montone, a mercenary captain who supported the Aragonese cause with his weapons, moved with great host against Angri, took it and burned it; but she rose again and confidently resumed her journey. Angri, after Braccio's intervention, was enfeoffed by Queen Giovanna II to the famous captain Luca Di Treccia. Here the author, despite stating exact things, has reversed the order of events: Angri was destroyed by Braccio on the morning of 24 September 1421 and later (1438) Giovanni Zurlo opposed Alfonso D'Aragona.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  28. ^ Salvatore Silvestri (2006). Editrice Gaia (ed.). Dal fundo Marciano a San Marzano sul Sarno, un viaggio lungo 1500 anni [From Fundo Marciano to San Marzano sul Sarno, a 1500 year long journey] (in Italian). Editrice Gaia. p. 188. ISBN 9788889821206.
  29. ^ Gennaro Zurolo (2008). "STRADARIO, Part One". In Edizioni Comune di Angri (ed.). Le Strade di Angri-la toponomastica, i personaggi, le storie-Saggio di Toponomastica storica [The Streets of Angri - the toponymy, the characters, the stories - Essay on historical toponymy] (in Italian). Boscoreale (NA). pp. 307, 308 and 309. At the beginning of June 1438, when King Alfonso, with his army of four thousand men on horseback, moved to occupy the fortress of Angri, Count Zurolo with a handful of soldiers fought heroically and forced him to stop at the Ponte di Scafati, blocking his path. In these bloody battles, which lasted for days, between the partisans of the Angevin and Aragonese factions, the young captain Angelo Concilio, of the Casato de' Concilij of Angri, heroically lost his life.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  30. ^ Gennaro Zurolo (2008). EDIZIONI COMUNE ANGRI (ed.). Le Strade di Angri [The Streets of Angri] (in Italian). Boscoreale (NA). p. 308. Giovanni, feudal lord of Angri, died in around 1440, and he was probably buried in the church of his greatest ancestors of Santa Restituta in the Cathedral of Naples.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  31. ^ Count Berardo Candida Gonzaga (1875). Memorie delle famiglie nobili delle province meridionali d'Italia, volume secondo [Memoirs of the noble families of the southern provinces of Italy, second volume] (in Italian). Vol. second. Factory typ. of the Cav. G. de Angelis and son. p. 219. ...it happened that this family was surnamed Piscicelli-Zurlo and then only Zurlo.
  32. ^ "Deliberazione nr. 9 del 13-01-2009" [Resolution no. 9 of 13-01-2009]. Comune di Angri. Angri (SA). 2016. Two plaques dedicated to the feudal lord were placed at the end of the road where it begins and ends on the walls of two houses for civic use, another plaque entitled Largo Palio Storico, of the same workmanship as the previous ones, was placed in the clearing between via Coronati and via Amendola, concerning the events of 1421-1425 and 1428-1436. The resolution refers to the text of the Municipality of Angri, edited by the Technical Commission composed of: lawyer. Gennaro Zurolo (historian), president, prof. Antonino Pastore, (historian), member, prof. Giovanni Rossi, (art expert), member and lawyer. Anna Parlato (secretary), (G.C. resolution no. 237 of 12.11.2015), (Municipality of Angri, resolution of the City Council no. 30 of 23 March 2016, concerning the approval of this Regulation for medieval parades and the historical re-enactments of the events of 1421-25 and 1428-36, called Palio Storico Città di Angri, previously institutionalised, by virtue of a statutory amendment, with resolution of the C. Council no. 69 of 12.17.2015 ), Disciplinary Regulations for medieval parades and historical re-enactments of the events of 1421-25 and 1428-36, called Palio Storico Città di Angri.
  33. ^ Luigi D'Antuono (December 22, 2016). Luigi D'Antuono (ed.). "Lapidi rimosse: Zurolo contro il Comune" [Tombstones removed: Zurolo against the Municipality]. AngriNews-Luigi D'Antuono (in Italian). Angri (SA). Retrieved August 1, 2024. The municipality of Angri removed the gravestones dedicated to the count and feudal lord of Angri Giovanni Zurolo and those dedicated to the Historic Palio City of Angri (SA), in 2015 due to various disagreements with the junta of the technical-historical commission of those years.
  34. ^ Pina D'Antuono; La Redazione (September 26, 2016). A. Santaniello (ed.). "I nostri avi hanno sofferto duramente sotto i feudatari" [Our ancestors suffered harshly under the feudal lords]. angri.info-quotidiano online (in Italian). Angri (SA). Retrieved June 18, 2024.
  35. ^ Comune di Angri (2016). "Deliberazione nr. 9 del 13-01-2010" [Resolution no. 9 of 13-01-2010]. Comune di Angri. Angri (SA). It was decided to change the name of the street named after the feudal lord from Giovanni Zurlo to Giovanni Zurolo, by virtue of the discovery of older sources in which the second surname transcribed in correct form was attested. The resolution refers to the text of the Municipality of Angri, edited by the Technical Commission composed of: lawyer. Gennaro Zurolo (historian), president, prof. Antonino Pastore, (historian), member, prof. Giovanni Rossi, (art expert), member and lawyer. Anna Parlato (secretary), (G.C. resolution no. 237 of 12.11.2015), (Municipality of Angri, resolution of the City Council no. 30 of 23 March 2016, concerning the approval of this specification for medieval parades and the historical re-enactments of the events of 1421-25 and 1428-36, called Palio Storico Città di Angri, previously institutionalised, by virtue of a statutory amendment, with resolution of the C. Council no. 69 of 12.17.2015 ), Disciplinary Regulations for medieval parades and historical re-enactments of the events of 1421-25 and 1428-36, called Palio Storico Città di Angri.
  36. ^ Gennaro Zurolo (2024). Casata Zurolo. Origini e sviluppo di una famiglia feudale del Meridione d'Italia [Zurolo House. Origins and development of a feudal family from Southern Italy] (in Italian). pp. 129 and 130. The author of the book indicates that in the Casale di Borgo, there was a chapel dedicated to Santa Margherita, in the altarpiece, which no longer exists today, there was a depiction of the Virgin sitting in the center with the Child, on the sides Saint 'Elena and Santa Margherita and Bernarndo Zurolo with his two children. Subsequently, a photo was taken from the early 1900s and a pictorial reconstruction of the three high-medieval feudal lords.
  37. ^ Gennaro Zurolo (December 2019). "Il conte Giovanni Zurolo" [Count Giovanni Zurolo]. Sulle origini di una chiesa angioina nella Terra d'Angri: la SS. Annunziata [On the origins of an Angevin church in the Terra d'Angri: the SS. Annunziata] (in Italian). Angri (SA). ISBN 9-788899-742430. See the photo of the foundation plaque of the church and convent of the Ss. Annunziata, added by the author of the book.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Bibliography

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Historical sources

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  • Bartolomeo Facio; et al. (Filoponi, Filoterpse & Filoponi, Clidano, Gesuiti : Collegio Romano) (1563). Bartholomei Faccij De rebus gestis Alphonsi Aragonij regis libri 7. Ad Caesarem Gonzagam . [Bartholomew Faccius on the deeds of King Alfonso of Aragon book 7. To Caesar Gonzaga ..] (in Latin). Vol. VI. p. 78.
  • Erasmo Ricca (1869). Istoria de' feudi del regno delle Due Sicilie di qua dal faro intorno alle successioni legali ne' medesimi dal XV al XIX secolo [History of the fiefdoms of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies on this side of the lighthouse around the legal successions of the same ones from the 15th to the 19th century] (in Italian). Vol. IV. Naples (NA).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • De Santi. (Registri della Cancelleria Angioina, anno 1424, fol. 107) [(Registers of the Angevin Chancellery, year 1424, fol. 107)] (in Italian). Vol. 2.
  • Gennaro Orlando (1884). Storia di Nocera De' Pagani [History of Nocera De' Pagani] (in Italian). Vol. II. Forni. pp. 194 and 195. ISBN 9788827107331.
  • Pietro Vincenti (1710). La contea di Nola dal sec. XIII al sec. XVI sec [The county of Nola since the century. XIII to the century. 16th century] (in Italian).
  • Angelo Di Costanzo (1710). Dom. Ant. Parrino (ed.). Historia del regno di Napoli [History of the kingdom of Naples] (in Italian). Vol. XVII. pp. 279 and 406.
  • Don Vincenzo Pastore (1980). "Angri distrutta da Braccio Forte da Montone" [Angri destroyed by Braccio Forte da Montone]. In Arti grafiche Palumbo & Esposito (ed.). Dalla Preistoria ai Nostri giorni-volume primo, dalle remote origini al dominio feudale dei Doria [From Prehistory to Our Days - first volume, from remote origins to the feudal dominion of the Doria] (in Italian). Vol. primo [first]. Cava de' Tirreni (SA). pp. 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, and 474.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Don Pasquale Pannone (1991). ARTI GRAFICHE F.LLI MERCURIO s.n.c. (ed.). Breve Cenno Storico su Angri-Profilo di Mons. Alfonso Raiola-Note di Gianfranco Forino [Brief Historical Note on Angri-Profile of Monsignor Alfonso Raiola-Notes by Gianfranco Forino] (in Italian). Angri (SA). p. 7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Gennaro Zurolo (2004). Regesto del documento d'Archivio del XV secolo. Atto di fondazione del Convento e Chiesa della SS. Annunziata di Angri [Summary of the 15th century archive document. Deed of foundation of the Convent and Church of the SS. Annunziata of Angri] (in Italian). Angri (SA).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Salvatore Silvestri (2006). Editrice Gaia (ed.). Dal fundo Marciano a San Marzano sul Sarno, un viaggio lungo 1500 anni [From Fundo Marciano to San Marzano sul Sarno, a 1500 year long journey] (in Italian). Editrice Gaia. p. 188. ISBN 9788889821206.
  • Gennaro Zurolo (2008). EDIZIONI COMUNE ANGRI (ed.). Le Strade di Angri [The Streets of Angri] (in Italian). Boscoreale (NA). pp. 307, 308 and 309.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Gennaro Zurolo (2010). Il riscatto di Zurolo (26 giugno 1428), Regesto del documento d'Archivio del XV secolo, Diploma Reale di Giovanna II d'Angiò [The ransom of Zurolo (26 June 1428), Summary of the 15th century archive document, Royal Diploma of Joan II of Anjou] (in Italian). Angri (SA).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Gennaro Zurolo (December 2019). "Il conte Giovanni Zurolo" [Count Giovanni Zurolo]. Sulle origini di una chiesa angioina nella Terra d'Angri: la SS. Annunziata [On the origins of an Angevin church in the Terra d'Angri: the SS. Annunziata] (in Italian). Angri (SA). pp. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 55 and 56. ISBN 9-788899-742430.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Gennaro Zurolo (2024). "IV". Casata Zurolo. Origini e sviluppo di una famiglia feudale del Meridione d'Italia [Zurolo House. Origins and development of a feudal family from Southern Italy] (in Italian). p. 112.

Archival sources

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  • SANT'ANNA NOCERA ARCHIVE (1428). Platea <Reassunto delle Bolle Pontificie, Diplomi Reali e Istromenti Antichi>, anno 1428, p./f. 17v.: La Regina Giovanna II con questo Diploma diretto a Giovanni Zurolo utile Sig.re della Terra d'Angri [Platea <Summary of the Papal Bulls, Royal Diplomas and Ancient Instruments>, year 1428, p./f. 17v.: Queen Giovanna II with this Diploma addressed to Giovanni Zurolo useful Lord of the Land of Angri.] (in Italian). p. (p./f. 17v.).
  • DOMINICAN GENERAL CURIA ARCHIVE OF SANTA SABINA ROME (1436). Fondatione del Conv.to della SS.ma Ann.ta d'Angri dell'Ord.ne de' Pred.ri fatta senza nessun peso dal q.m Ill.mo Sig.re di T.ra di Angri D. Giovanni Zurolo addì 26 di Luglio 1436 [Foundation of the Conv.to of the SS.ma Ann.ta d'Angri of the Ord.ne de' Pred.ri made without any weight by the q.m Ill.mo Signor of Tra di Angri D. Giovanni Zurolo on the 26th of July 1436]. XIV (in Italian). Vol. A, part two. pp. (ff.306r.-313r).
  • Bishop Giovanni Antonio Campano (1545). Nicolaus Bryling (ed.). De Vita et Gestis Andreae Brachij Perusini, Italicæ olim Militie Imperatoris strenuissimi [On the Life and Acts of Andrea Brachii Perusini, once the most energetic Emperor of the Italian Militia] (in Latin). Basilea (CH). p. 325.
  • Bishop Giovanni Antonio Campano; et al. (Giovanni Battista Poggio) (1572). L'Historie et vite di Braccio Fortebracci detto da Montone, et di Nicolo Piccinini Pervgini [The Historie et vite of Braccio Fortebracci known as da Montone, and of Nicolo Piccinini Pervgini.] (in Latin). p. 115.
  • NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALTA (1613). Joannis Zurolo de Neap. Russillo [Salvatore] Zurulo … Bernardo Zurolo [Joannis Zurolo de Neap. Russillo [Salvatore] Zurulo … Bernardo Zurolo] (AOM 4190). doc. I-XLVII (in Italian). pp. (ff.31r.-85r.).
  • Angelo Di Costanzo (1710). Dom. Ant. Parrino (ed.). Historia del regno di Napoli divisa in 20 libri. Aggiuntavi in questa prima Napoletana impr. la vita dell'autore epilogata in un elogio di Lorenzo Cresso [History of the kingdom of Naples divided into 20 books. Added to this first Neapolitan company. the author's life epilogued in a eulogy by Lorenzo Cresso] (in Italian). Vol. XVII. pp. 279 and 406.
  • Count Berardo Candida Gonzaga (1875). Memorie delle famiglie nobili delle province meridionali d'Italia, volume secondo [Memoirs of the noble families of the southern provinces of Italy, second volume] (in Italian). Vol. second. ...it happened that this family was surnamed Piscicelli-Zurlo and then only Zurlo. Factory typ. of the Cav. G. de Angelis and son. p. 219.
  • Alberto Maria Ghisalberti (1960). "100". Dizionario biografico degli Italiani [Biographical dictionary of Italians] (in Italian). Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana. ISBN 978-88-12-00032-6.
  • COMMON OF ANGRI; TECHNICAL COMMISSION; Gennaro Zurolo (historian); Antonino Pastore (historian); Giovanni Rossi (art expert); Anna Parlato (secretary) (December 17, 2015). Regolamento-Disciplinare per le parate medievali e le rievocazioni storiche, degli eventi del 1421-25 e del 1428-36, denominate Palio Storico Città di Angri, Angri 2016 [Disciplinary Regulations for medieval parades and historical re-enactments of the events of 1421-25 and 1428-36, called Palio Storico Città di Angri, Angri 2016] (in Italian). (G.C. Resolution no. 237 of 12.11.2015), (Municipality of Angri, City Council Resolution no. 30 of 23 March 2016, concerning the approval of this Regulation for medieval parades and historical re-enactments, events of 1421-25 and 1428-36, called Palio Storico Città di Angri, previously institutionalised, by virtue of a statutory amendment, with Council Resolution C. n. 69 of 17.12.2015).
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Official

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  • "Storia di Angri-Riferimenti storici sulla comunità angrese" [History of Angri-Historical references on the Angrese community]. REGIONE BASILICATA (in Italian). 2014. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  • "La Storia" [History]. Comune di Angri (in Italian). March 30, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2019. The history of Angri during the early medieval period and the exploits of Count Giovanni Zurolo (known as Zurlo) in Angri.
  • Gennaro Zurolo (November 12, 2024). Pasquale Cavallo (ed.). "Famiglia Zurolo" [Zurolo family]. Nobili Napoletani (in Italian). See the section by Giovanni Zurolo also known as Giovanni Zurlo. Naples (NA): Pasquale Cavallo. Retrieved November 22, 2024.

Other

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  • Adriano Cotella (2005). "Zurlo - Origine del Cognome" [Zurlo - Origin of the Surname]. N COGNOMIX (in Italian). Retrieved March 3, 2024. In the history of the Zurolo family also known as Zurlo, read the part in which the baron and subsequent count of Angri and other lands Giovanni Zurolo known as Zurlo is mentioned.
  • "Libro d'Oro della Nobiltà Mediterranea-ZURLO E CAPECE ZURLO" [Golden Book of Mediterranean Nobility-ZURLO AND CAPACE ZURLO]. GENEALOGIE DELLE FAMIGLIE NOBILI DEL MEDITERRANEO-(Libro d'Oro della Nobiltà Mediterranea) online (in Italian). 8 June 2006. Retrieved March 3, 2024. In the history of the city, read the part in which the baron of Angri Giovanni Zurolo known as Zurlo is mentioned.
  • "Angri e la storia" [Angri and history]. PUNTO Agro news-Costiera & Dintorni (in Italian). 26 October 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2024. In the history of the city, read the part in which the baron of Angri Giovanni Zurolo known as Zurlo is mentioned.
  • Luigi D'Antuono (December 22, 2016). Luigi D'Antuono (ed.). "Lapidi rimosse: Zurolo contro il Comune" [Tombstones removed: Zurolo against the Municipality]. AngriNews-Luigi D'Antuono (in Italian). Angri (SA). Retrieved August 1, 2024.
  • Pina D'Antuono; La Redazione (September 26, 2016). A. Santaniello (ed.). "I nostri avi hanno sofferto duramente sotto i feudatari" [Our ancestors suffered harshly under the feudal lords]. angri.info-quotidiano online (in Italian). Angri (SA). Retrieved June 18, 2024.
  • "Italian Surnames - Cognomi Italiani - Z, (ZURLO-ZURLO)" [Italian Surnames - Cognomi Italiani - Z, (ZURLO-ZURLO)]. GANINO (in Italian). July 1, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2024. In the history of the Zurolo family also known as Zurlo, read the part in which the baron and subsequent count of Angri and other lands Giovanni Zurolo known as Zurlo is mentioned.
  • "ZURLO-ZUROLO" [ZURLO-ZUROLO]. HERALDRYS INSTITURE OF ROME-ATRALDIAN ITALIAN D.C.V. ROME (in Italian). July 1, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2024. In the history of the Zurolo family also known as Zurlo, read the part in which the baron and subsequent count of Angri and other lands Giovanni Zurolo known as Zurlo is mentioned.
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