Glencastle (Irish: Gleann Chaisil)[2] is a small village, electoral division and townland in the northwest of County Mayo, Ireland. The townland of Glencastle has an area of approximately 2,337 acres (9.46 km2).[3]
Glencastle
Gleann Chaisil | |
|---|---|
Townland | |
 Dún Domhnaill fort in Glencastle townland | |
  Glencastle Location in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 54°11′N 9°53′W / 54.183°N 9.883°W | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Connacht |
| County | County Mayo |
| Population (2011)[1] | 38 |
| (Glencastle townland only) | |
Topography
editGlencastle is a mountain valley which was once known as the gateway to the Mullet Peninsula.[4] In the middle of this glen stands an ancient fort called "Dun Donnell" or the fort of Domhnall. Domhnall was, according to legend, of the Gamanraige tribe and an ascendant of Ailill Finn, the husband of Flidhais, and involved in the tale of Táin Bó Flidhais.[5] As part of the cycle of Celtic folklore and legends, Domhnall used to close the gates of Erris at night levying tolls on passers-by.[6][7]
The remains of this fortification are now three large mounds which have never been archaeologically investigated.[4] There are views of Broadhaven Bay and Blacksod Bay from where the fort would have stood.
History
editThe O'Caithnaidhs, who were chiefs of Erris before the Norman Invasion in the 12th century, had their stronghold in Glencastle. They were defeated by the O'Connors who then took over the fort until 1303 when it was conquered by the Anglo-Norman Barrett family. By 1540, the Barrett's castle in Glencastle was so well known that the English called Erris 'Irrus Domnann',[8] in a variation of the Irish name for the castle.[9] For the next two hundred years, the Barretts held lands in the area,[10] and attained various positions including as Bishop of Elphin,[11] and Baron of Irrus.[12][13]
There are a number of earlier archaeological monuments recorded in Glencastle townland, including several ring forts and cairn sites.[14] A number of other megalithic structures were destroyed in the 19th century, including one, described by engineer Patrick Knight as a "Druidical altar" or "cromlech", which was demolished during the construction of the Belmullet/Bangor road in the 1820s.[15]
Thomas Johnson Westropp, an antiquarian who visited the Erris area in the early 20th century, wrote the following of Glencastle in 1912:[16]
- "It is a beautiful spot, especially after the dreary drive through barren moors from Crossmolina through Bangor. We suddenly dip into a stream runnel and, without preparation drop into a lovely wooded glen, at first so narrow that there is barely room for the road and the brook; we pass a regular brown dyke of volcanic rock and a thickly-wooded hillside, hovered over by hawks, and reach the more open valley, the 'Gates of Erris'. In its centre a grassy moat-like mass of rock was upheaved by some remote eruption. The east face is covered with hazels and birch, the upper trees growing out of the side to keep the shelter of the fort rising over 90 feet above the stream. To the north, a great mountain swells up for 760 feet facing the glen and its keeper. A second mound, like an overturned boat lies further down the valley"
Further reading
edit- McDonnell, Most Rev. Thomas [Bishop of Killala] (1976). The Diocese of Killala. From Its Institution to the End of the Penal Times. Ballina: Monaghan Printers. p. 46. OCLC 4479744.
- O'Donovan, John (1838), Ordnance Survey Letters - Mayo - Vol. 1 (PDF), p. 157
References
edit- ^ "CD164 - Mayo Population by Private Households, Occupied and Vacancy Rate". data.gov.ie. Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Gleann Chaisil / Glencastle". logainm.ie. Placenames Database of Ireland. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Glencastle Townland, Co. Mayo". townlands.ie. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Glencastle - Gleann Chaisil". visitbelmullet.ie. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ Aldridge, R. B. (1962). "The Routes Described in the Story Called Táin Bó Flidhais (Continued)". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 92 (1): 21–39. JSTOR 25509452.
- ^ Noone, Fr. Sean (1991). Where the Sun Sets. Kildare: Leinster Leader. pp. 115–116. ISBN 978-0951817902.
[Domhnall would] close the gates of Erris at night levying tolls on passers-by
- ^ Westropp, Thomas Johnson (June 1912). "The Promontory Forts and Early Remains of the Coasts of County Mayo. Part I. The North Coast (Tirawley and Erris) (Continued)". Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 6. 2 (2): 101–139. JSTOR 25514224.
- ^ "Visit Erris, North West Mayo, Ireland". Retrieved 4 May 2024.
- ^ "The Irish version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius". celt.ucc.ie. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
- ^ "General History, Ballycroy Co. Mayo in the West of Ireland | mayo-ireland.i". www.mayo-ireland.ie. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
- ^ "Errew Abbey Ruins". Our Irish Heritage. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
- ^ Clarke, Aidan (September 1967). "Irish patent rolls of James I. Facsimile of the Irish Record Commission's Calendar, with a foreword by M.C. Griffith. Pp, vi, 602. Dublin: Stationery Office, for the Irish Manuscripts Commission. 1966. £8". Irish Historical Studies. 15 (60): 480–481. doi:10.1017/s0021121400021222. ISSN 0021-1214.
- ^ Hughes, T. Jones (January 1959). "Landlordism in the mullet of Mayo". Irish Geography. 4 (1): 16–34. doi:10.1080/00750775909555525. ISSN 0075-0778.
- ^ Record of Monuments and Places - County Mayo. Dublin: National Monuments and Historic Properties Service. 1996.
- ^ Knight, Patrick (1835). Erris in the Irish Highlands. Dublin: M. Keene. p. 110.
Some Druidical altars, or cromlechs, have had existence in Erris. I destroyed one in Glencastle, by making the public road through it
- ^ Westropp, Thomas Johnson (March 1912). "The Promontory Forts and Early Remains of the Coasts of County Mayo. Part I. The North Coast (Tirawley and Erris)". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 6. 2 (1): 51–59. JSTOR 25514206.