Gloria Twine Chisum (born 1930 in Muskogee, Oklahoma)[1] is an experimental psychologist who eventually became a board member of the American Psychological Association, among many other organizations.[2] An expert in visual problems associated with the operation of high-performance aircraft, she developed eyewear to protect pilots' eyes in extreme conditions like sharp turns, lightning, or nuclear explosion.[1]
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| Born | Gloria Twine 1930 |
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Education
editChisum earned her BS (1951) and MS (1953), in psychology from Howard University. During her undergraduate years she pledged Alpha Kappa Alpha and was a part of the Howard University Players, a dramatic group run by students. In 1960, she earned her PhD from the University of Pennsylvania.[2] Her dissertation was titled "Transposition as a Function of the Number of Test Trials".[3]
Career
editDuring 1958–1968, Chisum taught psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. From 1960 to 1965, she researched psychology at the Naval Air Development Center. She served as the head of the Vision Laboratory from 1965 to 1980, and afterwards became the head of the Environmental Physiology Research Team. She was also a board member of several organizations, including (but not limited to) the Arthritis Foundation of Eastern Pennsylvania the Aerospace Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, and the Optical Society of America.[2]
Her research led to optical advancements for pilots such as protective eyewear.[4] Specifically, her work was focused on the creation of protective goggles that would help pilots withstand the extreme conditions sustained during flight including loss of vision during sharp turns and sudden flashes of bright light (such as those that could occur during lightning flashes or nuclear explosions),[5] including work presented at a NATO conference.[6] Her publications include a 1975 book on laboratory assessment of the AN/PVS-5 night vision goggle[7] and a 1978 book on laser eye protection for flight personnel.[8]
Chisum is the first African-American woman to join the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania.[3]
Personal life
editIn her hometown of Muskogee, OK, on Sept. 10, 1955 Chisum married Melvin J. "Jack" Chisum (died Oct. 22, 2014).[9][10] Both have served as chairs of the University of Pennsylvania's Harrison Society.[9] The town of Twine, Oklahoma is named after Chisum's grandfather.[1]
Honors
edit- Aerospace Medical Association's Raymond F. Longacre Award in 1979[3]
- University of Pennsylvania Alumni Award of Merit[1]
- Inducted Oklahoma Hall of Fame, 1984[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Chisum, Gloria Twine – 1984". Oklahoma Hall of Fame. Gaylord Pickens Museum. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
- ^ a b c Sammons, Vivian Ovelton (1990). Blacks in Science and Medicine. U.S.A.: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. p. 54. ISBN 0-89116-665-3.
- ^ a b c Ryan, J (17 February 2011). "Black Women on the Board of Trustees". UPenn Black History Project. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
- ^ Bradby, Mary; Bonnie Winston; Mark Paikoff (1989). "Black Engineers of the Year". US Black Engineer & IT. 13 (1): 50.
- ^ Warren, Wini (1999). Black Women Scientists in the United States. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 29. ISBN 0-253-33603-1.
- ^ Chisum G.T.; Morway P.E. (5–9 April 1976). "Integration of Aviator's Eye Protection and Visual Aids in AGARD Conference Proceedings No 191, Visual Aids and Eye Protection for the Aviator". Defense Technical Information Center. U.S. Department of Defense. pp. C2–1 to C2–7. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
- ^ Chisum, Gloria Twine (1975). "Laboratory assessment of the AN/PVS-5 night vision goggle". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 46 (11). Warminster, Pa: Naval Air Development Center: 1390–4. PMID 1212145.
- ^ Chisum, Gloria Twine (1978). Laser eye protection for flight personnel, vol. 1. Warminster, Pa: Naval Air Development Center.
- ^ a b "Moving forward and making a difference". Penn Impact 2020. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
- ^ Report, Tribune Staff (26 October 2014). "Dr. Melvin J. Chisum, 92, retired physician". The Philadelphia Tribune. Retrieved 2021-02-16.