Glucokinase regulator

Glucokinase regulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GCKR gene.

GCKR
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4PXS, 4BBA, 4MQU, 4OLH, 4MSU, 4BB9, 4OHP, 4OP1, 4OP3, 4OHM, 4OHO, 4MRO, 4PX2, 4PX3, 4PX5, 4OHK, 4LY9, 4OP2
Identifiers
Aliases	GCKR, FGQTL5, GKRP, glucokinase (hexokinase 4) regulator, glucokinase regulator
External IDs	OMIM: 600842; MGI: 1096345; HomoloGene: 1139; GeneCards: GCKR; OMA:GCKR - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human) Band 2p23.3 Start 27,496,839 bp End 27,523,684 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse) Band 5 B1|5 17.27 cM Start 31,454,787 bp End 31,484,658 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right lobe of liver left adrenal cortex right adrenal gland left ovary right adrenal cortex right ovary pancreatic ductal cell gastric mucosa gonad body of stomach Top expressed in left lobe of liver neural layer of retina right lobe of liver zygote primary oocyte pineal gland ciliary body embryo secondary oocyte iris More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding fructose-6-phosphate binding carbohydrate derivative binding enzyme inhibitor activity enzyme binding carbohydrate binding Cellular component nucleoplasm nucleus cytosol cytoplasm mitochondrion Biological process negative regulation of glucokinase activity response to fructose triglyceride homeostasis urate metabolic process carbohydrate derivative metabolic process regulation of glycolytic process carbohydrate metabolic process glucose homeostasis protein import into nucleus Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2646 231103 Ensembl ENSG00000084734 ENSMUSG00000059434 UniProt Q14397 Q91X44 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001486 NM_144909 NM_001374741 RefSeq (protein) NP_001477 NP_659158 NP_001361670 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 27.5 – 27.52 Mb Chr 5: 31.45 – 31.48 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Function

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the GCKR subfamily of the SIS (sugar isomerase) family of proteins. The gene product is a regulatory protein that inhibits glucokinase in liver and pancreatic islet cells by binding non-covalently to form an inactive complex with the enzyme. This gene is considered a susceptibility gene candidate for a form of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Further reading

• Veiga-da-Cunha M, Delplanque J, Gillain A, Bonthron DT, Boutin P, Van Schaftingen E, Froguel P (May 2003). "Mutations in the glucokinase regulatory protein gene in 2p23 in obese French caucasians". Diabetologia. 46 (5): 704–11. doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1083-y. PMID 12739015.
• Veiga-da-Cunha M, Delplanque J, Gillain A, Bonthron DT, Boutin P, Van Schaftingen E, Froguel P (May 2003). "Mutations in the glucokinase regulatory protein gene in 2p23 in obese French caucasians". Diabetologia. 46 (5): 704–11. doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1083-y. PMID 12739015.
• Brocklehurst KJ, Davies RA, Agius L (March 2004). "Differences in regulatory properties between human and rat glucokinase regulatory protein". Biochem. J. 378 (Pt 2): 693–7. doi:10.1042/BJ20031414. PMC 1223974. PMID 14627435.
• Køster B, Fenger M, Poulsen P, Vaag A, Bentzen J (December 2005). "Novel polymorphisms in the GCKR gene and their influence on glucose and insulin levels in a Danish twin population". Diabet. Med. 22 (12): 1677–82. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01700.x. PMID 16401311. S2CID 20786263.
• Heredia VV, Carlson TJ, Garcia E, Sun S (December 2006). "Biochemical basis of glucokinase activation and the regulation by glucokinase regulatory protein in naturally occurring mutations". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (52): 40201–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M607987200. PMID 17082186.
• García-Herrero CM, Galán M, Vincent O, Flández B, Gargallo M, Delgado-Alvarez E, Blázquez E, Navas MA (February 2007). "Functional analysis of human glucokinase gene mutations causing MODY2: exploring the regulatory mechanisms of glucokinase activity". Diabetologia. 50 (2): 325–33. doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0542-7. PMID 17186219.
• Ellard S, Thomas K, Edghill EL, Owens M, Ambye L, Cropper J, Little J, Strachan M, Stride A, Ersoy B, Eiberg H, Pedersen O, Shepherd MH, Hansen T, Harries LW, Hattersley AT (November 2007). "Partial and whole gene deletion mutations of the GCK and HNF1A genes in maturity-onset diabetes of the young". Diabetologia. 50 (11): 2313–7. doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0798-6. PMID 17828387.
• Sparsø T, Andersen G, Nielsen T, Burgdorf KS, Gjesing AP, Nielsen AL, Albrechtsen A, Rasmussen SS, Jørgensen T, Borch-Johnsen K, Sandbaek A, Lauritzen T, Madsbad S, Hansen T, Pedersen O (January 2008). "The GCKR rs780094 polymorphism is associated with elevated fasting serum triacylglycerol, reduced fasting and OGTT-related insulinaemia, and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes". Diabetologia. 51 (1): 70–5. doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0865-z. PMID 18008060.
• Sparsø T, Andersen G, Nielsen T, Burgdorf KS, Gjesing AP, Nielsen AL, Albrechtsen A, Rasmussen SS, Jørgensen T, Borch-Johnsen K, Sandbaek A, Lauritzen T, Madsbad S, Hansen T, Pedersen O (January 2008). "The GCKR rs780094 polymorphism is associated with elevated fasting serum triacylglycerol, reduced fasting and OGTT-related insulinaemia, and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes". Diabetologia. 51 (1): 70–5. doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0865-z. PMID 18008060.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.