Glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase

In enzymology, a glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.97) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase
Crystal structure of human type-I N-myristoyltransferase with bound myristoyl-CoA. Myristoyl-CoA (red). PDB ID: 3IU1
Identifiers
EC no.2.3.1.97
CAS no.110071-61-9
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO
Search
PMCarticles
PubMedarticles
NCBIproteins
NMT, N-terminal
Identifiers
SymbolNMT
PfamPF01233
InterProIPR022676
CATH3IU1
SCOP23IU1 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
NMT, C-terminal
Identifiers
SymbolNMT_C
PfamPF02799
InterProIPR022677
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycylpeptide CoA + N-tetradecanoylglycylpeptide

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are tetradecanoyl-CoA and glycylpeptide, whereas its two products are CoA and N-tetradecanoylglycylpeptide. It participates in the N-Myristoylation of proteins, and in vertebrates there are two isoenzymes NMT1 and NMT2.

Besides tetradecanoyl-CoA, this enzyme is also capable of using modified versions of this substrate.[1] In human retina, an even wider range of fatty acids, including 14:1 n–9, 14:2n–6, and 12:0, are accepted by the enzyme and grafted onto guanylate cyclase activators.[2] This is mainly a result of a special set of fatty-acid-CoA substrates available in the retina.[3]

Nomenclature

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This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those N-acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups (cd04301). The systematic name of this enzyme class is tetradecanoyl-CoA:glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase. Other names in common use include peptide N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), myristoyl-CoA-protein N-myristoyltransferase, myristoyl-coenzyme A:protein N-myristoyl transferase, myristoylating enzymes, and protein N-myristoyltransferase.

Structural studies

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As of late 2007, 9 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1IIC, 1IID, 1IYK, 1IYL, 1RXT, 2NMT, 2P6E, 2P6F, and 2P6G.

The enzyme folds into two domains, each with a double EF-hand arrangement.

References

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  1. ^ Heuckeroth RO, Towler DA, Adams SP, Glaser L, Gordon JI (1988). "11-(Ethylthio)undecanoic acid. A myristic acid analogue of altered hydrophobicity which is functional for peptide N-myristoylation with wheat germ and yeast acyltransferase". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (5): 2127–33. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69180-X. PMID 3123489.
  2. ^ Rundle, Dana R.; Rajala, Raju V.S.; Anderson, Robert E. (July 2002). "Characterization of Type I and Type II Myristoyl-CoA:protein N -Myristoyltransferases with the Acyl-CoAs found on Heterogeneously Acylated Retinal Proteins". Experimental Eye Research. 75 (1): 87–97. doi:10.1006/exer.2002.1189. PMID 12123640.
  3. ^ Bereta, G; Palczewski, K (10 May 2011). "Heterogeneous N-terminal acylation of retinal proteins results from the retina's unusual lipid metabolism". Biochemistry. 50 (18): 3764–76. doi:10.1021/bi200245t. PMC 3086940. PMID 21449552.
  • Guertin D, Grise-Miron L, Riendeau D (1986). "Identification of a 51-kilodalton polypeptide fatty acyl chain acceptor in soluble extracts from mouse cardiac tissue". Biochem. Cell Biol. 64 (12): 1249–55. doi:10.1139/o86-164. PMID 3566958.