The Gnowangerup Mission[1] or Gnowangerup Aboriginal Mission,[2] also known as United Aborigines Mission, Gnowangerup, was a Christian mission located in the town of Gnowangerup in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. The mission was sponsored by the United Aborigines Missions, formerly known as Australian Inland Mission.[3]
It was established in 1935 around Muir Hill on the outskirts of the town on 61 hectares (151 acres) of land owned by Hope and Hedley Wright.[2] The Wrights managed the mission on behalf of the United Aborigines Mission. They had previously run for the Australian Aborigines' Mission on the Government Reserve in town between 1926 and 1935.[4]
In 1933 it was suggested that the Carrolup mission be reopened as a ration station for Aboriginal people. Wright and the local community protested about the 60 miles (97 km) distance that would have to be travelled. Wright was a missionary, Protector of Aborigines and rationing officer at Gnowangerup and had contact with 400 Aboriginal people annually.[5]
Officially opened in November 1935 the property had been acquired at a cost of £237 for 190 acres (77 ha) located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the townsite. The mission buildings were transferred from the old 6.5-acre (2.6 ha) site.[6]
In 1938 the mission was responsible for 288 people and cost the Department of Native Affairs £88, with most of the people working for their own income.[7]
Many one or two room cottages were built from timber with iron roofs on the mission. Aboriginal people were not permitted into the town after 6.00pm. Some time in the early 1940s a two-room maternity hospital was built in the mission.[8]
The mission property was part of the A$1.3 billion native title deal struck between the state government and the Wagyl Kaip or southern Noongar peoples in 2015.[9] The role of the mission, and the experiences of some of the Aboriginal people who were taken there, is discussed in the 2024 film Genocide in the Wildflower State.[10]
Carol Petterson JP, a member of the Western Australian Aboriginal Advisory Council from 2015 to 2018 at the Department of Aboriginal Affairs, was born at the mission.[1] Eric Hayward, a noted author, was also born at the mission.[11]
References
edit- ^ a b "Meet the Members". Department of Aboriginal Affairs. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ^ a b "Gnowangerup Aboriginal Mission" (PDF). J S Battye Library. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ "United Aborigines Mission, Gnowangerup". Signposts. Department for Child Protection and Family Support. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ^ "United Aborigines Mission, Gnowangerup (1935 - 1954)". Find & Connect. Commonwealth of Australia. 13 September 2017. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ^ "Gnowangerup Natives". The West Australian. Vol. XLIX, no. 9, 755. Western Australia. 4 October 1933. p. 12. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Gnowangerup Natives". The West Australian. Vol. 51, no. 15, 404. Western Australia. 6 November 1935. p. 5. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "The Board of Reference". The West Australian. Vol. 54, no. 16, 334. Western Australia. 5 November 1938. p. 16. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Remembered by Heart. Fremantle Press. 2014. ISBN 9781922089786.
- ^ Toyah Shakespeare (25 February 2015). "Native title counter-offer accepted". Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ^ "Home". Genocide in the Wildflower State. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ "Eric Hayward Biography". AustLit. Retrieved 1 January 2018.