The Gold Coast Seaway or Southport Seaway is the main navigation entrance from the Pacific Ocean into the Gold Coast Broadwater and southern Moreton Bay and is one of Australia's most significant coastal engineering projects. It is located at the northern end of the Southport Spit where the Nerang River enters the Pacific Ocean. The channel was constructed between 1984 and 1986, primarily to facilitate the safe passage of sea-faring vessels. The passage was previously known as the Southport Bar. The mouth of the Nerang River was once located further south in Broadbeach. The main driving force for this movement is the northward drift of sand along the coast.
Before the bypass system was implemented the mouth of the Nerang River moved northwards at a rate of 60 metres per year.[1] This northward drift was responsible for the unstable and shifting conditions of the bar, which made crossing it hazardous for small boats.[1] The southern training wall of the Gold Coast Seaway is the northern end of the Gold Coast Oceanway.
The seaway is issued regular weather forecasts by the Bureau of Meteorology.[2]
Design
editTwo rock walls to stabilise the position of the entrance were constructed. One million tonnes of imported rock was used.[1] To reduce the entry of ocean swells the breakwater walls were aligned 15 degrees north of east and increasing the length of the southern wall.[1] Models indicated that the western shores of the Broadwater would need further protection from waves. Wave Break Island was constructed from dredged material to act as a barrier.
The channel is 250 metres wide.[3] The mean depth is 11 m[1] and it has a maximum depth of 20 m.[4] During outgoing tides, excess treated wastewater from four sewage treatment plants is released into the channel.
Gold Coast Sand Bypass System
editResearch conducted by the government indicated the quantity of sand movement necessitated a solution that operated perpetually.[1] Gold Coast Seaway is home to the world's first permanent sand bypassing system, which currently delivers all sand that arrives at the Gold Coast Seaway across the entrance and into the Moreton Bay Marine Park. Up to 500 cubic metres of sand can be moved per hour.[5] The Gold Coast Shoreline Management Plan is reviewing this practice and examining the concept of Island welding to determine if 85% of the sand (80,000 cubic metres per year) can be sustainably recycled to Surfers Paradise.
The bypass system uses ten pumps located along the jetty.[6] These are two metres beneath the sand. The pumps collect 500,000 cubic metres of sand over the course of a year.[6] The sand, which is naturally moving northwards is pumped via a tunnel under the seaway to South Stradbroke Island, thereby making dredging unnecessary.[6] It is managed by the Gold Coast Waterways Authority.[6]
Diving
editGold Coast Seaway is a popular diving and fishing location. Many surfers and body boarders regularly paddle across the seaway on their boards from the mainland to South Stradbroke Island. Popular surfing sites include the sand pumping jetty on the mainland and the sand pumping outlets on South Stradbroke Island.
In 2014, scientists from NatureServe in the US traveled to Australia to find a pipefish species first photographed by a diver in the seaway in November 2009.[7]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f "History of the Gold Coast Seaway". Gold Coast Waterways Authority. 22 April 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
- ^ "Gold Coast Seaway Forecast". Government of Queensland. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
- ^ Wolanski, Eric (2013). Estuaries of Australia in 2050 and beyond. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 97. ISBN 978-9400770195. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ "Gold Coast Seaway: a marine lovers' paradise" (PDF). Gold Coast City Council. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ "The Gold Coast Seaway" (PDF). Gold Coast City Council. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d Forbes, Tom (13 October 2018). "Sand bypass system responsible for growing Gold Coast tourism and marine industries celebrated". ABC News. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
- ^ Larkins, Damien (25 November 2014). "Pipefish photo sparks international search". ABC News. Retrieved 26 October 2021.