Goldscheider is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Alfred Goldscheider (1858–1935), German neurologist
- Friedrich Goldscheider (1845–1897), Austrian manufacturer of the Goldscheider ceramics
- Ludwig Goldscheider (1896–1973), Austrian-English art historian
- Alexander Goldscheider (born 1950), Czech composer and music producer