Gradle

Gradle is a build automation tool for multi-language software development. It controls the development process in the tasks of compilation and packaging to testing, deployment, and publishing. Supported languages include Java (as well as Kotlin, Groovy, Scala), C/C++, and JavaScript. Gradle builds on the concepts of Apache Ant and Apache Maven, and introduces a Groovy- and Kotlin-based domain-specific language contrasted with the XML-based project configuration used by Maven. Gradle uses a directed acyclic graph to determine the order in which tasks can be run, through providing dependency management. It runs on the Java Virtual Machine.

Gradle

Developer(s)	Hans Dockter, Adam Murdoch, Szczepan Faber, Peter Niederwieser, Luke Daley, Rene Gröschke, Daz DeBoer
Initial release	21 April 2008 (2008-04-21)
Stable release	8.11  / 11 November 2024 (11 November 2024)
Preview release	8.11 RC3 / 7 November 2024 (2024-11-07)
Repository	github.com/gradle/gradle
Written in	Java, Groovy, Kotlin
Type	Build tool
License	Apache License 2.0
Website	www.gradle.org

Gradle was designed for multi-project builds, which can grow to be large. It operates based on a series of build tasks that can run serially or in parallel. Incremental builds are supported by determining the parts of the build tree that are already up to date; any task dependent only on those parts does not need to be re-executed. It also supports caching of build components, potentially across a shared network using the Gradle Build Cache. Combined with the proprietary hosted service of Develocity, it produces web-based build visualizations called Gradle Build Scans. The software is extensible for new features and programming languages with a plugin subsystem.

Gradle is distributed as Free Software under the Apache License 2.0, and was first released in 2008.

History

Origin of the name

Founder and CEO Hans Dockter has said that he originally wanted to name the project "Cradle". However, to make the name unique and less "diminutive" he instead chose "Gradle", taking the "G" from the use of Groovy.

Major versions

Version	Date
0.1	21 April 2008
1.0	12 June 2012
2.0	1 July 2014
3.0	15 August 2016
4.0	14 June 2017
5.0	26 November 2018
6.0	8 November 2019
7.0	9 April 2021
8.0	13 February 2023

Features

Gradle offers support for all phases of a build process including compilation, verification, dependency resolving, test execution, source code generation, packaging and publishing. Because Gradle follows a convention over configuration approach, it is possible to describe all of these build phases in short configuration files. Conventions include the folder structure of the project, standard tasks and their order as well as dependency repositories. However, all conventions can be overridden by the project configuration if necessary.

Plugins are a central component of Gradle. They allow for integration of a set of configurations and tasks into a project and can be included from a central plugin repository or custom-developed for a single project.

Distribution

Gradle is available as a separate download, but can also be found bundled in products such as Android Studio. Gradle Wrapper is the recommended way to invoke Gradle. It can download the declared version of Gradle beforehand if necessary.

See also

• List of build automation software

Further reading

• Berglund, Tim; McCullough, Matthew (July 2011). Building and Testing with Gradle. Foreword by Hans Dockter (First ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-4493-0463-8.
• Berglund, Tim (August 2013). Gradle Beyond the Basics (First ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-449-30467-6.
• Ikkink, Hubert (November 2012). Gradle Effective Implementation Guide (First ed.). Packt Publishing. p. 382. ISBN 978-1849518109.
• Berglund, Tim; McCullough, Matthew (May 2013). Gradle DSLs (First ed.). O'Reilly Media. pp. 50 est. ISBN 978-1-4493-0467-6.
• Muschko, Benjamin (Fall 2013). Gradle in Action (First ed.). Manning Publications. p. 390. ISBN 9781617291302.

External links

• Official website